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ip_timestamps = collections.defaultdict(list)
# ...other code that handles the web service request...
ip_timestamps[req.ip_address].append(time.time())

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# assuming "ip_timestamps" is our dict and "req.ip_address" is the requestor's IP address
if req.ip_address in ip_timestamps:
    # append the timestamp
    ip_timestamps[req.ip_address].append(time.time())
else:
    # log the initial timestamp
    ip_timestamps[req.ip_address] = [time.time()]

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# define our custom counter dict
class IPCounter(dict):
    def __missing__(self, key):
        return 0
 
ip_counts = IPCounter()
 
# ...other code that handles the request...
 
# increment the value (if the key is missing its initial value will be 0)

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# assuming "ip_counts" is our dict and "req.ip_address" is the requestor's IP address
if req.ip_address in ip_counts:
    # increment the count
    ip_counts[req.ip_address] += 1
else:
    # set an initial count
    ip_counts[req.ip_address] = 1

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>>> print(d.get('food'))
spam
>>> print(d.get('missing'))
None
>>> print(d.get('missing', 'I did not find a key by that name!'))
I did not find a key by that name!

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>>> d = {'food': 'spam'}
>>> 'food' in d
True
>>> 'missing' in d
False
>>> 'missing' not in d
True

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>>> d['missing']
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
KeyError: 'missing'

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>>> # create an empty dict
>>> d = {}
>>> # set a key/value pair
>>> d['food'] = 'spam'
>>> # retrieve a value for the key
>>> d['food']
'spam'
>>> # remove a key/value pair
>>> del d['food']

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package main

import (
    "net/http"
    "io"
    "strconv"
)

func HelloServer(c http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    body := "Hello World\n"

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angular.module 'app'

.directive 'apiErrorMessage', ->
  dir = {}

  dir.restrict = 'A'
  dir.scope =
    field: '=apiErrorMessage'
  dir.priority = 100
  dir.transclude = true