Rails + u-authorization

rails_app.rb

require 'bundler/inline'

gemfile(true) do
  source 'https://rubygems.org'

  gem 'pry', '~> 0.13.1'
  gem 'rails', '~> 6.0', '>= 6.0.3.4'
  gem 'sqlite3', '~> 1.4', '>= 1.4.2'
  gem 'u-authorization', '~> 2.3'
end

# == config/boot ==

require 'active_record'
require 'active_support/all'
require 'action_controller/railtie'

# == config/application ==

class SigleFileApp < Rails::Application
  config.eager_load = 'development'
  config.consider_all_requests_local = true

  secrets.secret_token    = SecureRandom.base58(64)
  secrets.secret_key_base = SecureRandom.base58(64)

  config.logger = Logger.new($stdout)
  Rails.logger = config.logger
end

# == config/routes ==

SigleFileApp.routes.append do
  resources :users, only: [:create, :index]
  resources :tasks
end

# == db/schema ==

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(
  host: 'localhost',
  adapter: 'sqlite3',
  database: 'test1.db'
)

ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
  create_table :roles, force: true do |t|
    t.column :name, :string, null: false, index: { unique: true }
    t.column :permissions, :text, null: false
    t.timestamps
  end

  create_table :users, force: true do |t|
    t.column :email, :string, null: false, index: { unique: true }
    t.references :role, null: false, index: true
    t.timestamps
  end

  create_table :tasks, force: true do |t|
    t.column :description, :string
    t.column :completed_at, :datetime
    t.references :user, null: false, index: true
    t.timestamps
  end
end

# == app/models ==

class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.abstract_class = true

  def self.serialize_as_json(arg)
    as_json = const_get(:SerializeAsJson, false)

    return as_json.call(arg) if arg.is_a?(self)
    return arg.map(&as_json) if arg.is_a?(ActiveRecord::Relation) && arg.model == self
  end
end

# app/models/roles

module Roles
  module Name
    ADMIN = 'admin'
    USER = 'user'
  end
end

module Roles
  module Action
    ACCESS = 'access'
    CREATE = 'create'
  end
end

module Roles
  class DefaultPolicy < Micro::Authorization::Policy
    def allow_access?
      permissions.to?(Action::ACCESS)
    end
  end
end

module Roles
  module Permissions
    DEFAULTS = {
      Name::ADMIN => {
        Action::ACCESS => { 'any' => true },
        Action::CREATE => { 'any' => true }
      },
      Name::USER => {
        Action::ACCESS => { 'except' => ['users.index'] },
        Action::CREATE => { 'only'   => ['tasks'] }
      }
    }

    def self.each_default; DEFAULTS.each { |name, permissions| yield(name, permissions) }; end
  end
end

# app/models/role.rb

class Role < ApplicationRecord
  has_many :users

  serialize :permissions, Hash

  validates :name, presence: true, uniqueness: true
  validates :permissions, presence: true

  def self.to_admin(truthy)
    find_by!(name: truthy ? Roles::Name::ADMIN : Roles::Name::USER)
  end
end

# app/models/user.rb

class User < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :role

  validates :email, format: { with: URI::MailTo::EMAIL_REGEXP }, uniqueness: true

  delegate :name, to: :role, prefix: true

  SerializeAsJson = -> user { user.as_json(methods: :role_name, except: :role_id) }
end

# app/models/tasks

class Tasks
  class Policy < Micro::Authorization::Policy
    def apply_scope(relation)
      relation.where(user_id: user.id)
    end
  end
end

# app/models/task.rb

class Task < ApplicationRecord
  belongs_to :user

  validates :description, presence: true

  SerializeAsJson = -> task { task.as_json(except: :user_id) }
end

# == app/controllers ==

class ApplicationController < ActionController::API
  private

    def current_user
      return @current_user if defined?(@current_user)

      @current_user = User.find_by(email: params[:user_email])
    end

    def authenticate_user!
      return true if current_user

      render(status: 401, json: {}) and return false
    end

    def authenticate_and_authorize_user!
      return unless authenticate_user!
      return if current_authorization.policy.allow_access?

      render(status: 403, json: {})
    end

    def current_authorization
      @current_authorization ||= Micro::Authorization::Model.build(
        permissions: current_user.role.permissions,
        policies: { default: Roles::DefaultPolicy },
        context: {
          user: current_user,
          to_permit: [controller_name, action_name]
        }
      )
    end
end

# app/controllers/users_controller.rb

class UsersController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_and_authorize_user!, only: :index

  def index
    render status: 200, json: ::User.serialize_as_json(User.all)
  end

  def create
    user_params = params.require(:user).permit(:email, :admin)

    role = fetch_role(user_params)
    user = ::User.create(email: user_params[:email], role: role)

    if user.persisted?
      render status: 200, json: ::User.serialize_as_json(user)
    else
      render status: 422, json: { error: user.errors.as_json }
    end
  rescue ActionController::ParameterMissing => e
    render status: 400, json: { error: e.message }
  end

  private

    def create_as_admin?(user_params)
      String(user_params[:admin]) =~ /true/i
    end

    def fetch_role(user_params)
      Role.to_admin(create_as_admin?(user_params))
    end
end

# app/controllers/tasks_controller.rb

class TasksController < ApplicationController
  before_action :authenticate_and_authorize_user!
  before_action :add_user_policy

  def index
    render status: 200, json: Task.serialize_as_json(relation)
  end

  def create
    task_params = params.require(:task).permit(:description)

    task = relation.create(task_params)

    if task.persisted?
      render status: 200, json: Task.serialize_as_json(task)
    else
      render status: 422, json: { error: task.errors.as_json }
    end
  rescue ActionController::ParameterMissing => e
    render status: 400, json: { error: e.message }
  end

  private

    def relation
      current_policy.apply_scope(Task.all)
    end

    def current_policy
      @current_policy ||= current_authorization.policy(:tasks)
    end

    def add_user_policy
      current_authorization.add_policy(:tasks, Tasks::Policy)
    end
end

# == run ==

Roles::Permissions.each_default do |name, permissions|
  Role.create_with(permissions: permissions).find_or_create_by(name: name)
end

SigleFileApp.initialize!

Rack::Server.new(app: SigleFileApp, Port: 4000).start

=begin
# Creating users
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -d 'user[email]=email@example.com' localhost:4000/users
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -d 'user[admin]=true&user[email]=rodrigo.serradura@gmail.com' localhost:4000/users

# Listing users
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X GET localhost:4000/users\?user_email=email@example.com
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X GET localhost:4000/users\?user_email=rodrigo.serradura@gmail.com

# Creating and listing tasks
## using the user
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -d 'task[description]=foo' localhost:4000/tasks\?user_email=email@example.com
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X GET localhost:4000/tasks\?user_email=email@example.com

## using the admin
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X POST -d 'task[description]=foo' localhost:4000/tasks\?user_email=rodrigo.serradura@gmail.com
curl -i -H 'Accept: application/json' -X GET localhost:4000/tasks\?user_email=rodrigo.serradura@gmail.com
=end

u-authorization.rb

require 'bundler/inline'

gemfile(true) do
  source 'https://rubygems.org'

  gem 'pry', '~> 0.13.1'
  gem 'u-authorization', '~> 2.3'
end

module Roles
  ADMIN = 'admin'
  USER = 'user'

  PERMISSIONS = {
    ADMIN => { 'access' => { 'any' => true }        , 'create' => { 'any' => true }      , 'edit' => { 'any' => true } },
    USER =>  { 'access' => { 'except' => ['users'] }, 'create' => { 'only' => ['tasks'] }, 'edit' => { 'only' => ['tasks'] } }
  }
end

class TaskPolicy < Micro::Authorization::Policy
  def edit?(record)
    user.id == record.user_id
  end
end

user = OpenStruct.new(id: 1, role: Roles::USER)

authorization = Micro::Authorization::Model.build(
  permissions: Roles::PERMISSIONS.fetch(user.role),
  policies: { tasks: TaskPolicy },
  context: {
    user: user,
    to_permit: ['tasks', 'index']
  }
)

task1 = OpenStruct.new(id: 1, description: 'Buy milk', user_id: user.id)
task2 = OpenStruct.new(id: 2, description: 'Buy coffee', user_id: 2)

authorization.permissions.to?('access')  # true

authorization.policy(:tasks).edit?(task1) # true
authorization.to(:tasks).edit?(task1)     # true

authorization.policy(:tasks).edit?(task2) # false
authorization.to(:tasks).edit?(task2)     # false

binding.pry