Provides an example of how to extract your color palette from a theme.json file and create styles dynamically.

get-color-values-from-theme-json.php

<?php

function generate_css_from_theme_settings() {
	if ( !function_exists('wp_get_global_settings') ) {
		return new WP_Error('missing_function', 'wp_get_global_settings() is missing');
	}

	$colors = wp_get_global_settings();
	$colors = $colors['color']['palette']['theme'];

	ob_start();
	foreach( $colors as $color ) {
		$slug = $color['slug'];
		$color = $color['color'];
		?>
		.wp-block-my-block-name.has-<?php echo $slug; ?>-color path.my-target-path {
			fill: <?php echo $color; ?> !important;
		}
		<?php
	}
	$styles = ob_get_clean();
	return $styles;
}

function enqueue_custom_fill_styles() {
	$styles = generate_css_from_theme_settings();
	if ( is_wp_error($styles) ) {
		return;
	}
	wp_add_inline_style( 'my-block-style-handle', $styles );
}
add_action('wp_enqueue_scripts', 'enqueue_custom_fill_styles');
add_action('enqueue_block_editor_assets', 'enqueue_custom_fill_styles');