Debian Tips and Tricks

Debian.md

Debian

Tips and Tricks for Debian.

Install

List Installed Packages

Installed packages can be listed as follows:

• apt list --installed
• dpkg-query -l

See Contents of a .deb file

To see the contents of a .deb file, perform the following:

1. apt-get update && apt-get install apt-file
2. apt-file update
3. apt-file list [deb file]

add-apt-repository

To install add-apt-repository, perform the following:

1. apt update
2. apt -y install software-properties-common dirmngr apt-transport-https lsb-release ca-certificates
3. add-apt-repository ppa:PPA Name]
4. apt update
5. apt install [package]

Repos

Ensure dpkg-dev is installed:

apt-get install dpkg-dev

Create

Local

To create a local repo:

dpkg-scanpackages . /dev/null | gzip -9c > Packages.gz

Proper

To create a proper repo:

dpkg-scanpackages -m -a [arch] [dir] | gzip > [dir]/Packages.gz

Example

#!/bin/bash

cd /opt/shared/repo/apt

echo

for arch in i386 amd64 mips armel armhf
do	
	printf "%-10s" "${arch}:"
	dpkg-scanpackages -m -a ${arch} pool | gzip > dists/buster/main/binary-${arch}/Packages.gz
done

echo

Trust a Repo

To trust a repo, /etc/apt/sources.list:

deb [ trusted=yes ] http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/ jessie main contrib non-free

Upgrade Stretch to Buster

To upgrade from Stretch to Buster, perform the following:

1. apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 04EE7237B7D453EC 648ACFD622F3D138
2. grep -rl stretch /etc/apt/ | sudo xargs sed -i 's/stretch/buster/g'
3. apt update -y && apt dist-upgrade -y
4. reboot

Creating a rootfs

To create a rootfs of Debian perform the following (note you may want to ignore the pgp check using debootstrap --no-check-gpg --arch=$arch --foreign $distro $targetdir vs debootstrap --arch=$arch --foreign $distro $targetdir below):

apt-get install -y qemu-user-static debootstrap binfmt-support qemu-system-arm

distro=bookworm
arch=armhf
targetdir="${distro}_${arch}"

mkdir $targetdir
debootstrap --arch=$arch --foreign $distro $targetdir

cp /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static $targetdir/usr/bin/
cp /etc/resolv.conf $targetdir/etc

chroot $targetdir

distro=bookworm
export LANG=C

/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage

cat <<EOT > /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian $distro main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.debian.org/debian $distro-updates main contrib non-free
EOT


apt-get update -y
apt-get upgrade -y

apt-get install -y dialog locales lsb-release ntp ntpdate openssh-server rsync sshfs vim htop wget curl screen

dpkg-reconfigure locales
dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

passwd

chroot

ping: address family not supported by protocol

• apt-get remove -y inetutils-ping
• apt-get install -y inetutils-ping

dnsmasq

• Don't use a dnsmasq lease file: /etc/default/dnsmasq: DNSMASQ_OPTS="--leasefile-ro"
• Leases stored in /var/lib/misc/dnsmasq.leases

How-To

Quickies

• Configure
  • locale: dpkg-reconfigure locales
  • time zone: dpkg-reconfigure tzdata
  • dpkg --configure -a
• Nic: inet 169.254.244.144/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope global enp1s0
  • /etc/networks: rm link-local 169.254.0.0
• Install LXDE: apt-get install task-lxde-desktop
• Import Key
  • gpg --keyserver keyring.debian.org --recv-keys [key]
  • gpg --recv-keys [key]
  • gpg -a --export [key] | sudo apt-key add -

RPM to Deb

To convert an rpm to a deb file, execute: alien --scripts [rpm file]

Example: alien --scripts bluejeans-1.37.22.x86_64.rpm

Generate Seed Files

Once a machine/VM is setup, you can generate a seed file containing the setup (be sure to install debconf-utils):

• Settings from installation: debconf-get-selections --installer
• Current settings: debconf-get-selections

Setup a Bridge

Directions

• apt-get install aptitude network-manager -y
• aptitude install bridge-utils
• systemctl enable NetworkManager
• The file /etc/network/interfaces.d/[bridge name] should resemble:

auto [bridge name]

# Bridge setup
 iface [bridge name] inet dhcp
    bridge_ports [ethernet]

As an example a bridge named bridge0 and ethernet enp1s0:

auto bridge0

 iface bridge0 inet dhcp
    bridge_ports enp1s0

Additionally you must also modify your /etc/network/interfaces to be:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Enable wake-on-lan

Ensure you install ethtool: apt install ethtool

auto [bridge name]

# Bridge setup
 iface [bridge name] inet dhcp
    bridge_ports [ethernet]
    /usr/sbin/ethtool -s [ethernet] wol g

As an example a bridge named bridge0 and ethernet enp1s0:

auto bridge0

 iface bridge0 inet dhcp
    bridge_ports enp1s0
    /usr/sbin/ethtool -s enp1s0 wol g

tftpd-hpa

If not running IPv6, /etc/default/tftpd-hpa should resemble:

# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/srv/tftp"
TFTP_ADDRESS="0.0.0.0:69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure -4"

The -4 represents "use IPv4."

Files

• The domainname: /etc/defaultdomain

ddclient

• /etc/default/ddclient

run_dhclient="false"
run_ipup="false"
run_daemon="true"
daemon_interval="300"

OpenStack

• Install and Configure
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