register sidebar which is generally called widget

register_sidebar

function my_moderna_theme_widget() {
        //how to register a widget
	register_sidebar( array(
		'name'          => 'footer widget coloum 1',		//the name of sidebar 
		'id'            => 'footer_widget_coloum1',		//an id to call this 
		'description'   => 'put hear a widget to view in footer 1',	// write it's description
		'before_widget' => '<div class="widget">',		//which html code go befor widget
		'after_widget'  => '</div>',				//which html code go after widget
		'before_title'  => '<h5 class="widgetheading">',	//which htm go before title
		'after_title'   => '</h5>',				//which html code go after title
	) );
}
add_action( 'widgets_init', 'my_moderna_theme_widget' );		// initialize widget



/////////////////////////Quary a sidebar i mean widget 
<?php if(! dynamic_sidebar('footer1')): ?>		//arter the widget ..hear footer1 in the id from regester sidebar


//hear stay html code
//which is ignore when a widget find from daynamic system

<?php endif; ?> 			//put this code after widget