chefでCentOSにMySQL5.5以降をインストールしたい！ -> fork版 mysql cookbookを使えばできる！（このgist） -> remi repository使えば yum install mysql-serverでいけるよ！ http://tk0miya.hatenablog.com/entry/2013/04/03/141656 （新情報！！）

Cheffile

cookbook 'mysql',
  :git => 'https://github.com/9minutesnooze/mysql.git',
  :ref => 'mysql56'

mysql55.json

{
  "name": "mysql55",
	"default_attributes": {
		"mysql": {
			"service_name": "mysql",
			"client": {
				"package_files": [
					"mysql-client",
					"mysql-shared-compat",
					"mysql-devel",
					"mysql-shared"
				],
				"package_urls": [
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-client-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-devel-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-shared-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				],
				"package_files": [
					"MySQL-client-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-devel-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				]
			},
			"server": {
				"packages": [
					"mysql-shared-compat",
					"mysql-devel",
					"mysql-server",
					"mysql-shared"
				],
				"package_urls": [
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-devel-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-server-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/MySQL-shared-5.5.30-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				],
				"package_files": [
					"MySQL-shared-compat-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-devel-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-server-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-5.5.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				]
			}
		}
	},
	"override_attributes": {},
	"json_class": "Chef::Role",
	"description": "",
	"chef_type": "role",
	"run_list": [
		"recipe[openssl]",
		"recipe[mysql::server]",
		"recipe[mysql::client]"
	]
}

mysql56.json

{
  "name": "mysql56",
	"default_attributes": {
		"mysql": {
			"service_name": "mysql",
			"client": {
				"package_files": [
					"mysql-client",
					"mysql-shared-compat",
					"mysql-devel",
					"mysql-shared"
				],
				"package_urls": [
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-client-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				],
				"package_files": [
					"MySQL-client-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				]
			},
			"server": {
				"packages": [
					"mysql-shared-compat",
					"mysql-devel",
					"mysql-server",
					"mysql-shared"
				],
				"package_urls": [
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"http://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/MySQL-shared-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				],
				"package_files": [
					"MySQL-shared-compat-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-devel-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-server-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm",
					"MySQL-shared-5.6.10-1.el6.x86_64.rpm"
				]
			}
		}
	},
	"override_attributes": {},
	"json_class": "Chef::Role",
	"description": "",
	"chef_type": "role",
	"run_list": [
		"recipe[openssl]",
		"recipe[mysql::server]",
		"recipe[mysql::client]"
	]
}

Cheffileに書いている依存先リポジトリ https://github.com/9minutesnooze/mysql にはmysql55ブランチが無いです(2014/1/21現在)。でも:ref=>mysql56のままで出来るんじゃ無いかと思います