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So you want to break your Windows installation / Move an OS from one server to another. Extract from gparted docs.
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----> This is a draft to update "resize-windows.txt", | |
----> which is a part of "GParted" info package. | |
----> Not all suggestions are based on personal experience | |
----> or testing (estimated 20 % do NOT !). | |
----> There might be grammatical or other faults, because | |
----> English is not my native language. | |
----> Important question to the programmers of "Gparted": | |
----> Why does "fdisk (i)" not work as expected or what | |
----> am I doing wrong ? I also tried "sudo fdisk ..." | |
----> with no effect ! | |
----> This text refers to Version 0.3.9-1 | |
----> New "resize-windows.txt" starts here: | |
IMPORTANT : READ THIS FIRST IF YOU WANT TO WORK ON WINDOWS XP OR VISTA | |
RULE No.1 : BACKUP EVERYTHING, you don't want to loose in a worst | |
case scenario, BEFORE you use "GParted" ! | |
RULE No.2 : ALWAYS USE NEWEST (STABLE) RELEASE OF "GParted" ! | |
(http://gparted.sourceforge.net/download.php) | |
If "GParted" is integrated in other Linux distros (e.g. | |
UBUNTU) or Linux partition tools (e.g. Parted Magic) | |
it might not be the NEWEST release ! | |
RULE No.3 : NEVER ABORT RUNNING "GParted" OPERATIONS ! | |
NEVER DO "GParted" OPERATIONS ON BATTERY DRIVEN LAPTOPS, | |
BECAUSE NEEDED TIME MIGHT EXCEED BATTERY CAPACITY BY FAR! | |
AVOID ANY POWER BREAKDOWN ON ALL SYSTEMS, WHILE "GParted" | |
IS RUNNING ! | |
HINT No.1 : Use CD RW as boot media (download ISO image and burn it; | |
burning an ISO-Image is a SEPARATE task in your burning software; | |
do not confuse it with creating a data CD) or USB Stick (download | |
ZIP file and unpack it to a Linux bootable stick; this isn't a | |
recommended way for novices !). | |
It's simply easier, always to be up-to-date. | |
HINT No.2 : If you are not quite sure, how to proceed with an operation, | |
modifying your storage device, ask the "Gparted" Community | |
on "http://gparted-forum.surf4.info". Generally, you save | |
more time, expecting a qualified answer, than to get out of | |
trouble, if you do it yourself by trial and error. The more | |
details, you give about your system and the wanted changes | |
with your question, the better is the answer. | |
HINT No.3 : Print out this information text for better overview. | |
Use "Wordpad" under Windows to get it easy readable. | |
To have a proper page layout, cut and paste it to "Works" | |
or "Word" and print it with your favourite printer. | |
See "Windows XP / I. From within "GParted" / Variant B / | |
second Note, how to mount an USB Stick. Copy this text | |
with "cp /root/resize-windows.txt /mnt/usb" to the stick. | |
************************************************************************ | |
--- Windows XP --- | |
************************************************************************ | |
WHAT'S THE PROBLEM ? | |
---------------------------- | |
Windows' "brain", the Registry, contains informations on partition data | |
of the drives, it works with, no matter, if they are yet connected | |
or not. It even stores the assigned Drive letters. If you resize, move or | |
clone such a disk and boot, any differences are noticed. Maybe login | |
is still possible, but followed immediately by automatic logout ( fault on | |
virtual memory or "pagefile.sys" is often indicated); maybe a STOP | |
error (blue screen) occurs or you get "missing NTLDR"-message. | |
CRITICAL ACTIONS : | |
1. Resizing/Moving a Windows boot device (C:) | |
2. "Cloning" (Cut and Paste) the Windows boot drive (only one partition) | |
to a bigger new drive (filesystem gets automatically resized by | |
"GParted" to fill the whole drive). | |
Note: The bootflag of the source device's boot partition in MBR does not get | |
copied to the target device, you have to add it manually with "GParted". | |
Volume ID gets also not copied. If you resized or moved the boot | |
partition, you must not use the source's Volume ID for the target (see below). | |
If you clone a multipartitioned drive and leave the boot device (C:) | |
untouched ( MBR, no resize, no move, restored bootflag), you | |
should be able to access Windows immediately on the cloned drive, | |
which you should ALWAYS do BEFORE you resize or delete other | |
partitions of that drive, to flush a certain Registry key (see below) . | |
Be careful with NTFS partitions. Do operations step by step, not in | |
a batch, reboot after each and let Windows "settle" NTFS. | |
Try accessability with Windows and ALWAYS delete the above mentioned | |
Registry key (see below) before continuing. | |
Before you shrink a Windows partition you should always delete superfluous | |
files and directories (temporary files / update recovery files etc.) AND | |
DEFRAGMENT the drive. Why ? The amount of free space to gain is bigger ! | |
Be aware that fragmentation is a Windows issue; Linux partitions do NOT | |
need to be defragmented. There is a quick and fool-proof GNU defragger | |
JkDefrag ( http://portableapps.com/apps/utilities/jkdefrag_portable ), | |
which works on VISTA, too (with some minor limitations). | |
HOW TO AVOID THIS TROUBLE ? | |
-------------------------------------- | |
You simply have to delete ONE Registry key BEFORE you use "GParted": | |
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\MountedDevices | |
(Start - Run "regedit" - Search "mounteddevices"- Delete whole key) | |
NOTE: BE SURE, NOT TO ALTER ANYTHING ELSE, THERE IS NO "UNDO" ! | |
Don't worry, this Registry key regenerates "slim" | |
(not connected drives have gone) on next boot. If you changed drive | |
letter assignment before, i.e. "renamed" a drive to a new drive letter, | |
this has also gone afterwards. Drives are redetected and "named" in | |
Windows-given sequence. | |
AVOID RUNNING INTO NEW TROUBLE : DO NOT CONNECT (ON ONE | |
SYSTEM) SOURCE DRIVE AND TARGET DRIVE OF A CLONED PAIR | |
SIMULTANEOUSLY OR SEQUENTIALLY, IF YOU RUN WINDOWS. | |
Duplicate Drive IDs are not allowed under Windows ! | |
You MUST change one ID at least (HowTo below !). | |
WHAT IF YOUR DRIVE REFUSES TO BOOT, | |
I.E. YOU NOTICED THIS INFORMATION TOO LATE ? | |
----------------------------------------------------------- | |
Replace the drive ID in | |
MBR (Master Boot Record) with a new one. | |
H o w T o : | |
I. From within "GParted" | |
Variant A | |
============================================================================= | |
----> Up to now (Version 0.3.9-1) this variant is NOT working !!!! <---- | |
a. Launch "Gparted" (corrupted Windows drive connected), note Linux disk name | |
(e.g. /dev/hda; replace "/dev/hda" with your specific disk name, | |
whenever "/dev/hda" is used below !) | |
alternative : b2. | |
IMPORTANT : "/dev/hda1" is the DEVICE name of the first primary partition | |
on DISK "/dev/hda". | |
KEEP IN MIND, THAT WE WORK ON DISK BASIS (PHYSICAL DRIVE) HERE | |
AND NOT ON DEVICE BASIS (LOGICAL DRIVES). THERFORE LINUX DISK | |
NAMES USED IN THIS CONTEXT DO N E V E R CONTAIN NUMBERS. | |
YOU MAY SEVERELY DAMAGE YOUR SYSTEM, IF YOU OVERWRITE THE WRONG | |
STORAGE BLOCK BY USING NUMBERED DEVICE NAMES. | |
ALL COMMANDS ARE ENCLOSED IN QUOTATION MARKS. DO NOT TYPE THEM ! | |
TO AVOID OPERATION OF COMMANDS BY CLICKING ON THIS TEXTFILE, ALL | |
CRITICAL COMMANDS ARE "COMMENTED OUT", I.E. HAVE A PRECEEDING | |
NUMBER SIGN ("#"). YOU MUST OMIT IT. | |
b1. Start a second "Terminal" window ( this information is the first ) | |
by double-clicking on Desktop icon | |
Note: Quit "Terminal" with "exit" or by closing window with mouse (X), | |
when finished. You can resize terminal window by using the mouse | |
on lower left or right window corner, same as with Windows. | |
b2. (alternative to a.) | |
Type "fdisk -l" at prompt, confirm; note Linux Disk name of Drive, | |
containing bootable Windows C: device | |
c. Type "#fdisk /dev/hda", confirm (omit "#", see above) | |
Note : If you want to abort an "fdisk" action, press [CTRL] + [C]. | |
Regular exit is "q". | |
d. Type "x" (Expert mode), confirm and then "i" (Change disk ID), confirm | |
e. Fill in a different 4-Byte hexadecimal number (e.g. 0x1234ABCD), confirm | |
f. Type "r", confirm ( Return from Expert mode; may be omitted) | |
g. Type "p", confirm ( Control changes; not yet stored ! ) | |
h. Type "w", confirm ( Write changes to drive and exit ) | |
( This obviously does NOT happen !!!!) | |
============================================================================= | |
Variant B | |
============================================================================= | |
Use "GParted"'s built-in HexEditor ! | |
1. Load MBR to HexEditor, replace disk ID, store changed MBR temporarily : | |
(e.g Disk is "/dev/sda"; replace it with your disk's name, whenever it's | |
used below; see Variant A, a. or b2. to get it.) | |
a. Start a second instance of "Terminal" (per Desktop icon) | |
Note: Quit "Terminal" with "exit" or by closing window with mouse (X), | |
when finished. You can resize terminal window by using the mouse | |
on lower left or right window corner , same as with Windows. | |
b. Type at the prompt (omit quotation marks, ignore possible linefeed): | |
"mbr=/root/mbr_sda.bin; dd if=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1 > $mbr & mc -v $mbr" | |
Note: "mbr_sda.bin" is a file name. It contains the sample's Drive ID (sda) | |
in its name. Feel free to choose an other name, but keep the path | |
"/root". If you mount an USB Stick (to "/mnt/usb"), you can | |
permanently store the MBR file for documentation or rescue. | |
HowTo: | |
- Plug in USB Stick (wait a few seconds; stick's LED must flicker !) | |
- Type "dmesg | tail -4", confirm (no quotation marks !) | |
- You see the (logical) device name of your stick (e.g. sdb1), which | |
- you need (and NOT the physical disk name, e.g. sdb). | |
- Type "mkdir /mnt/usb", confirm | |
- Type "mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb", confirm (use YOUR device's name !) | |
- If you want to have a new subfolder, type "mkdir /mnt/usb/MyHDD", | |
confirm | |
- Type "cp /root/mbr_sda.bin /mnt/usb/MyHDD", confirm | |
c. [F4] (Hex), scroll down to Line 000001B0 with arrow down key | |
(Sorry, mouse isn't working !) | |
d. In Line 000001B0 proceed to column 8 (watch the offset header (0x000001b8); | |
first column is 0) with arrow right key. You are now exactly behind a | |
column border line. | |
e. [F2] (Edit) | |
f. Overwrite 4-Byte hexadecimal value with a new one or change one 4-bit pair | |
at least (e.g. 5F 32 16 AB to F5 32 16 AB). | |
Note: Hexadecimal numbers use 0 to 9 and A to F | |
Hínt: To be less cryptic, you can press [TAB] key and move the active cursor | |
to the right, where you can use 4 readable characters or numbers as ID. | |
Perhaps you prefer "HDD1" as disk ID (which is 48 44 44 31 hexadecimal). | |
g. Do not forget to save changes, [F6] and exit, [F3] or [F10]. | |
Note: Be sure NOT TO CHANGE ANYTHING ELSE ! | |
2. Write new MBR to disk | |
Type "#dd if=/root/mbr_sda.bin of=/dev/sda bs=512 count=1" (NO #, no quotation marks !) | |
NOTE: THIS IS THE MOST CRITICAL ACTION ! | |
You MUST NOT make any fault in typing this ! | |
Keep in mind, that your disk name might differ, | |
(of=) . . . and NEVER contains any numbers !!! | |
DO NOT FORGET TO USE YOUR INDIVIDUALIZED FILENAME | |
(instead of "mbr_sda.bin", if used) ! | |
============================================================================= | |
II. Using Windows | |
Download a Windows Hexadecimal Editor | |
(e.g HxD; free download at "http://mh-nexus.de/en/programs.php") | |
and open MBR (Physical Drive 2 or higher probably, sector 0) for editing. | |
Note: You need a working Windows OS on another system (beware of duplicate | |
drive IDs !) and the corrupted drive connected to it ! The repair | |
procedure is the same as described above (Variant B under "GParted"). | |
***************************************************************************** | |
--- Windows VISTA --- | |
***************************************************************************** | |
WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS ? | |
-------------------------------- | |
At the moment, no one is cloning a VISTA drive, because drives are yet big enough. | |
Theoretically you might run into the same issues as described above with XP. | |
Changing/Deleting partitions on a VISTA drive might confuse its bootmanager and | |
most often there is no access to Boot Recovery Tools, which solve the problem, | |
because they were not "shipped" with the system ! | |
If you plan to delete a partition in front of VISTA's partition and move VISTA to | |
the beginning (usually block 63) of your harddisk, use "BCDEdit" in advance to | |
direct "bootmgr" to the new first partition (locking you out for the moment !). | |
Maybe that doesn't work, because VISTA tests its partitioning before writing | |
nonsense (at the moment !) to the Registry ( I could not test it ! Perhaps you | |
need to delete Registry key "MountedDevices", too, as described with XP). | |
Operation on NTFS partitions is always a challenge for "GParted", because | |
Microsoft does not publicate NTFS technical data, which must then be researched | |
- with more or less success - by the programmers of "Gparted" ! | |
Shrinking VISTA, which is the top hit at the moment, because many users wish to | |
have a supplemental XP or Linux distro on their system, isn't that easy, because | |
VISTA spreads some system data over its partition, which limits the amount of | |
space, you can get by shrinking. Even if you defragment your drive, this data | |
stays fixed. Some third party commercial defragmentation tools however cope | |
with that issue. The best way to do the job with "GParted" is to shrink in | |
small steps, booting VISTA after each, to "settle" NTFS structure. Another | |
method is to use VISTA's own partition tool in drive manager, which seems to | |
work well, if you are happy with the limited space, you get. | |
ISSUES : | |
====== | |
1. VISTA DOESN'T BOOT ANYMORE | |
This might happen, if you delete a primary partition, which was physically located | |
in front of VISTA (often Diagnostic or Recovery stuff). VISTA RECOVERY TOOLS | |
are able to restore the boot records (MBR / PBR) and scan the drive to find VISTA | |
again. If you don't delete the preceeding first partition totally, but shrink it | |
to minimal size (and hide it for example by using a Linux filesystem ID), you avoid | |
this problem, provided, that moving VISTA was successful. If only the MBR / PBR gets | |
overwritten by an older Windows version in a planned Multi Boot Configuration, you | |
find a solution on EVERY VISTA installation disk, even OEM-Recovery, see 2.c. below. | |
If you installed a Linux bootmanager ( see 4. for an appropriate bootmanager), | |
it's the wanted effect, that VISTA doesn't boot directly anymore. You can | |
start VISTA's "bootmgr" with the Linux bootmenu and get access this way. | |
The Linux bootmanager must be on the bootable primary partition, i.e. the former | |
VISTA startup partition (always drive C:). On preconfigured systems VISTA normally | |
is located on drive C:, too. But a split design is also possible (startup on | |
drive C: , e.g. system on drive D:). In that case "bootmgr" can even be moved | |
to the system drive (but must perhaps be renamed, see below). | |
Hint : If you plan a Windows Multiboot Configuration on one new harddisk, you should | |
spend some time thinking about the sequence of installation to risk minimal | |
trouble. Generally you should start with the oldest Windows version, because | |
newer versions are able to coexist with older ones since Windows 2000. It is | |
simply the "normal state", that a newer version has to cope with that situation, | |
but not the other way round ! Even if you have a pure Windows multiboot | |
surrounding, you can use a Linux bootloader (see 4. below) to handle a | |
flexible startup with an easy potential integration of Linux tools or | |
distributions, even as drive images. Do not underestimate the problems, | |
that occur with hardware drivers! The older the Windows version, the more | |
likely it is, that you don't get appropriate drivers for your new hardware. | |
E.g. not all Windows XP drivers work with Windows 2000 and vice versa. | |
Consult the download pages of your system supplier or component producer, | |
before you start, to avoid deception. A surprising fact is, that Windows | |
2000 installation is not possible on NTFS formatted drives. They are even | |
hidden for the setup system. Keep in mind, that the Registry "knows" the | |
Drive letter, where the system was installed. It is not changeable afterwards. | |
With Windows 2000 / XP and VISTA it is possible to split boot and system | |
partitions, i.e. Linux bootmanager resides on C: together with 2000, | |
XP on D: and VISTA on E: (due to the sequence of installation!), | |
F: is DVD/CDROM/Burner. You can create a fourth extended partition with a | |
maximum of 20 logical drives (G: to Z:) for data, pictures, music, | |
Linux distibutions or whatever gets packed into bits and bytes ! | |
2. WHERE DO I GET VISTA RECOVERY TOOLS ? | |
a. On an original Installation DVD/CDROM (no OEM "Recovery" media !) | |
(see "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/927392/en-us", also for b.) | |
b. By free Download | |
("http://neosmart.net/blog/2008/windows-vista-recovery-disc-download/") | |
c. If you know, that only the MBR/PBR were replaced by an older Windows OS | |
and you did not delete any partitions in front of the VISTA partition : | |
Try "X:\boot\Bootsect.exe /NT60 All", a program, which you can find on | |
ANY media, able to install VISTA, where "X:" is your DVD/CDROM drive. | |
Use it in a console window of the older working Windows version or an | |
Emergency Boot Floppy (see "http://support.microsoft.com/kb/919529/en-us") | |
d. If you install a Linux bootmanager, there is no need for recovery in | |
most cases ( if there are no changes in partition sequence respectively, | |
see 4. below ) ! | |
3. WHAT IF YOU INSIST ON USING "GPARTED" FOR RESIZING VISTA ? | |
Do it manually at your own risk! | |
a. Start a second "Terminal" window ( this information is the first ) | |
by double-clicking on Desktop icon | |
Note: Quit "Terminal" with "exit" or by closing window with mouse (X), | |
when finished. You can resize terminal window by using the mouse | |
on lower left or right window corner, same as with Windows. | |
b. Shrinking the filesystem NTFS (= changes on PBR and device partition) | |
(e.g. shrinking "/dev/hda1" from 40 GB to 25GB; this step might be too | |
big. You better do it - always b. and c. together - in several smaller | |
steps !) | |
"#ntfsresize -s 25G /dev/hda1", (omit # and quotation marks !) | |
c. Shrinking the partition (= new partition table entry in MBR ) | |
"#fdisk /dev/hda", | |
(note, that you are working on disk, "hda", and not on device basis, "hda1" !) | |
hit "p" ( show drive layout ) | |
Example : | |
Device Boot Start End Blocks ID System | |
/dev/hda1 * 1 962 7727234 7 HTFS/NTFS | |
Note : Be sure you choose the right partition ("*" at Boot; System HTFS/NTFS) | |
Type "d" (delete the partition) | |
Then type "p" (you see : partition is gone). | |
Type "n" (create a new partition) and | |
"p" ( use primary ); | |
type the right number = the same ("1") as it was before you deleted | |
the partition ! At First cylinder type the value you saw in "Start" | |
column ("1" here !). | |
At last cylinder (be careful), type the size of the file system | |
plus about one GB (to be safe; 25GB +1GB = 26 GB). | |
Then type "p" to see the result. | |
The suggested default file system is "83 Linux", which gets corrected by | |
"t", then the number of the partition you want to have the filesystem type | |
("1"),then type "7" (for HTFS/NTFS filesystem). | |
type "p" to see the result. | |
type "w" to write the changes and exit, | |
or type "q" to quit without making any change, if you want to abort ! | |
4. WHICH BOOTLOADER / BOOTMANAGER SHOULD YOU USE ? | |
As a Windows user you are perhaps familiar with NTLDR and its BOOT.INI, if you use a | |
Multiboot Configuration. This is a unified bootloader and -manager. With VISTA these | |
two functions are split into BOOTMGR (Manager, reads BCD and presents menu) and | |
WINLOAD.EXE (Loader). Easy to handle "boot.ini" has gone, you have to cope with | |
"BCDEdit". VISTA automatically detects former Windows versions and integrates them | |
into its menu. If you don't plan to integrate Linux distributions or tools on your | |
harddisk, there is no need for you, to change anything. | |
If Linux is an option for you, you expect perhaps some advice on Linux Bootloaders / | |
-managers. Maybe you heard already names like LiLo, Grub, Syslinux. Today Grub might | |
be number one. All these programs have in common , that they change MBR and PBR | |
(on boot partition), i.e a "rollback" means, that the former MBR / PBR have to be | |
restored. There is another program, GRUB4DOS, which does NOT change any boot records | |
and consists minimally of two files, "GRLDR" and "menu.lst" ( a textfile with the | |
Menu script). The easiest way to integrate it, is "renaming". If VISTA's bootmgr | |
is your actual bootmanager, just rename it to "vistamgr". Next, rename "GRLDR" to | |
"bootmgr". Here is a sample "menu.lst", which boots VISTA, XP (NTLDR=>XPLDR) / W2K | |
(NTLDR=>W2KLDR), a floppy disk image (e.g. a Windows 98 Emergency Boot Disk) and | |
a "GParted" Version (the syntax of "menu.lst" is very similar to GRUB !): | |
>--------- snip ------------< | |
# ***** This text comments the following script commands (no #)****** | |
# color scheme is clear, after you saw the menu for the first time ! | |
# wait(timeout) 30 seconds before starting (default) VISTA (item 0) | |
# ("default 0" can be omitted, because it's the default value !) | |
# Countdown gets interrupted, if you choose another menu item with arrow key. | |
# rootnoverify hd(0,0) = select first partition ( ,0) of first HDD (0, ) | |
# as starting point, but do not mount it. | |
color black/cyan yellow/cyan | |
timeout 30 | |
default 0 | |
rootnoverify (hd0,0) | |
# Menu item sequence | |
# You have to separate each with at least one empty line. | |
# title = visible menu item | |
# fallback=in case of (GRLDR) fault, try menu item 1 ( the second !) automatically | |
# find = search for /vistamgr (absolute path necessary) in all mountable partitions of | |
# preselected (rootnoverify hd(0,0), see above) drive. If successful, select | |
# partition as root (it doesn't matter, if it's bootable or not !) | |
# chainloader = search file /vistamgr on selected partition and start it. | |
title Windows VISTA | |
fallback 1 | |
find --set-root /vistamgr | |
chainloader /vistamgr | |
#xpldr is renamed NTLDR | |
title Windows XP | |
fallback 2 | |
find --set-root /xpldr | |
chainloader /xpldr | |
#w2kldr is renamed NTLDR | |
title Windows 2000 | |
fallback 3 | |
find --set-root /w2kldr | |
chainloader /w2kldr | |
# floppy.img is a floppy image = a file, containing all bytes of | |
# an 1.44 MB bootable Windows 98 EBD (= Emergency Boot Disk). | |
# With the following commands, it gets mounted in memory as | |
# virtual Floppy drive (= map commands) and started by its | |
# bootable Volume Boot Record (+1 = First sector). | |
# This is also useful, if you want to integrate "KNOPPIX", | |
# which has a Floppy image ("boot.img") as loader. | |
title 1.44 MB W98 EBD | |
find --set-root /floppy.img | |
map --mem /floppy1.img (fd0) | |
map --hook | |
chainloader (fd0)+1 | |
rootnoverify (fd0) | |
# Next item shows, how Linux tools or distros are invoked, here "GParted". | |
# Note, that "kernel" and "initrd" are NOT located in the original folder "live", | |
# which doesn't matter at this point, but think of "filesystem.squashfs", which | |
# is located in the same folder. You have to indicate by parameter "live-media-path" | |
# where it is, otherwise it is not found (because "live" doesn't exist, which is | |
# the default folder !). Of course you could store it separately in a folder "live", | |
# but then you cannot keep more than one version on the drive, which sometimes is | |
# useful (stable release and test version together on one drive) ! | |
# boot=live doesn't indicate a folder, but a bash script file, which is invoked | |
# in the boot process, do not omit or alter this entry. | |
# Further note, that all parameters (kernel AND initrd) are written to the kernel line. | |
title GPartEd 0.3.9-1 | |
rootnoverify (hd0,0) | |
kernel /live391/vmlinuz1 live-media-path=live391 boot=live union=aufs noswap noprompt vga=791 | |
initrd /live391/initrd1.img | |
#Interesting is the "help" command, which shows all possible commands. | |
#Keep in mind, that there are less commands than "classical" GRUB offers ! | |
#Return to menu with [ESC] | |
title Start Console | |
savedefault --wait=2 | |
commandline | |
#"Cold" reboot | |
#You do no harm, if you force "power off" by power switch, while in this menu ! | |
#Remember MS-DOS, if you are old enough ! | |
title Restart | |
reboot | |
>------- snap -------< | |
Note: Lines starting with "#" are comments and can be omitted. | |
You must use a Linux texteditor (type "nano" in Terminal window) to create | |
"menu.lst", because Windows editors use CR/LF ( Carriage Return / LineFeed ) | |
for new line, whereas Linux uses only LF. CR/LF is not tolerated by "GRLDR". | |
To Mount an USB Stick, see Windows XP/ I. From within Gparted/ | |
Variant B (second Note), above. Store "menu.lst" in "/root", exit "nano" and | |
copy it to the stick with "cp /root/menu.lst /mnt/usb" | |
Last but not least, you can use "classical" GRUB as well, if you don't mind, | |
that MBR and PBR get replaced. I would not use LiLo or Syslinux for that | |
purpose. | |
************************************************************************ | |
If you found a technical or language bug in this information or have any suggestions, | |
feel free to contact | |
"http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewforum.php?id=6", | |
where this text will be discussed, I assume. | |
************************************************************************ | |
EOF |
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