| | Case ||| Description |
| ^^ | Pali | English | ^^ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paṭhamā | Nominative | Subject; | |
| 2 | Dutiyā | Accusative | Objective | Direct object; |
| 3 | Tatiyā | Ablative of agent | Instrumental | Indicates the object or person with or by whom something is performed; |
| ^^ | Karaṇa | Ablative of instrument | ^^ | ^^ |
| 4 | Cathutthi | Detive | Indirect object; Indicates the object or person to or for whom something is given or done; | |
| 5 | Pañcamī | Ablative of separation | Generally indicates separation, expressed by ‘from’; | |
| 6 | Chaṭṭhī | Possessive or Genitive | Indicates possession; | |
| 7 | Sathamī | Locative | Indicates place (‘in, on, at, upon, etc.’) | |
| 8 | Ālapana | Vocative | Used in addressing persons; |
| | Case ||| Case endings ||||| English Usage |
| ^^ | Pali | English | Singular | Plural | ^^ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paṭhamā | Nominative | o | ā | |||||
| 2 | Dutiyā | Accusative | Objective | ṃ | e | ||||
| 3 | Tatiyā | Ablative of agent | Instrumental | ena | ebhi | ehi | By, with or though | ||
| ^^ | Karaṇa | Ablative of instrument | ^^ | ^^ | ^^ | ^^ | ^^ | ||
| 4 | Cathutthi | Detive | āya | ssa | ānaṃ | To or from | |||
| 5 | Pañcamī | Ablative of separation | ā | mhā | smā | ebhi | ehi | From | |
| 6 | Chaṭṭhī | Possessive or Genitive | ssa | ānaṃ | Of | ||||
| 7 | Sathamī | Locative | e | mhi | smiṃ | esu | In, on, at or upon | ||
| 8 | Ālapana | Vocative | a | ā | ā | O, Hay, you, |