Use this javascript code to add classes to the .is-root-container block just following the .editor-styles-wrapper block. Those classes are here to mimick front-end breakpoints because of ineffectiveness of media queries. See https://sebastien-meric.com/gutenberg-responsive-container-queries/ (in french).

editor-script.js

/**
 * Philip Walton implementation of "container queries"
 *
 * Use inline javascript to add classes to the .block-editor__typewriter block just following
 * the .editor-styles-wrapper block. Those classes are here to mimick front-end breakpoints.
 * As .editor-styles-wrapper container replaces front-end body and because of the 2 sidebars
 * (WordPress left menu and Gutenberg right settings sidebar), traditional media queries could
 * be very complicated to use. By using those classes for breakpoints it is much more easier 
 * to simulate front-end sidebars in the back-end editor.
 *
 * Classes and breakpoints :
 *     .small-container class added beyond 1px width
 *     .medium-container class added beyond 992px width
 *     .large-container class added beyond 1170px width
 *
 * @see https://philipwalton.com/articles/responsive-components-a-solution-to-the-container-queries-problem/
 */
document.addEventListener(
    "readystatechange",
    (e) => {
        if( e.target.readyState === 'complete' && "ResizeObserver" in self){
            var ro = new ResizeObserver(function(entries){
                entries.forEach(function(entry){
                    /**
                     * Those breakpoints are theme dependant
                     */
                    var breakpoints = {
                        "small-container" : 1,
                        "medium-container": 992,
                        "large-container" : 1170
                    };
                    Object.keys(breakpoints).forEach(function(breakpoint){
                        var minWidth = breakpoints[breakpoint];
                        entry.contentRect.width >= minWidth
                            ? entry.target.classList.add(breakpoint)
                            : entry.target.classList.remove(breakpoint);
                    });
                });
            });
            ro.observe(document.querySelector(".editor-styles-wrapper .is-root-container"));
        }
    }
);