Basics.go

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

// k:=6 not possible in global scope
var (
	// lowercase 1st letter var are scoped to the package
	k     int8   = 6
	fname string = "Simrajneet"
	lname string = "Singh"
	// uppercase 1st letter expose to outer levels
	Number int = 99
)

func swap(x, y string) (string, string) {
	return y, x
}

func main() {
	// variables --------------------
	// block scope only
	var i float64 = 65.6
	fmt.Println("Hello, ॐ ,", i)

	j := 84
	fmt.Printf("\nj = %v -> %T", j, j)
	j = int(i)
	fmt.Printf("\nj = %v -> %T", j, j)

	fmt.Printf("\n\nk = %v -> %T", k, k)
	k := 6.4 // can redeclare for type convertion in diff scope i.e shadow them
	fmt.Printf("\nk = %v -> %T", k, k)

	var str string
	// str = string(j)
	// fmt.Printf("\n\nstr=%v -> %T (to ASCII)", str, str)

	str = strconv.Itoa(j)
	fmt.Printf("\nstr = %v -> %T (not ASCII)", str, str)

	fmt.Printf("\n\n%v -> %T", fname, fname)

	// booleans ----------------

	var n bool // all var by default = 0
	fmt.Printf("\nn = %v -> %T", n, n)

	m := 1 == 1
	fmt.Printf("\nm = %v -> %T\n", m, m)

	var a, b string = swap("hello", "world")
	fmt.Println(a, b)

	// Constants cannot be declared using the := syntax.
	const w, q int = 1, 2

	const c, python, java = true, false, "no!"
	fmt.Println(w, q, c, python, java)

}