"self has wrong type to call super in this context" under weird circumstances

snafu.rb

module ThreadSafe
  class NonConcurrentCacheBackend
    def self.method(key, value)
    end
  end

  class MriCacheBackend < NonConcurrentCacheBackend
    WRITE_LOCK = Mutex.new

    def self.method(key, value)
      WRITE_LOCK.synchronize { super }
    end
  end
end

module ActionView
  module CompiledTemplates
  end

  Finalizer = proc do |mod|
    proc do
      mod.module_eval do
      end
    end
  end

  class Template
    def self.compile!
      new.compile!
    end

    def compile!
      ObjectSpace.define_finalizer(self, Finalizer[ActionView::CompiledTemplates])
    end
  end

  class PathResolver
    def find_all
      ThreadSafe::MriCacheBackend.method(:key, :value)
    end
  end
end

# Calling module_eval from the block inside the Finalizer proc should either raise an exception because
# wrong number of arguments, or call the block with source = identifier = line = nil.
# Instead,
# snafu.rb:11:in `block in []=': self has wrong type to call super in this context: ThreadSafe::MriCacheBackend (expected #<Class:ActionView::CompiledTemplates>) (TypeError)
# Also note that the behaviour is only triggered for many iterations.
# The behaviour is present in Ruby 2.3.0, not in 2.2.3

ActionView::CompiledTemplates.singleton_class.send :define_method, :module_eval do |_| # bug does not occur when |*|
  # DO NOTHING
end

10000.times do
  ActionView::PathResolver.new.find_all
  ActionView::Template.compile!
end

https://bugs.ruby-lang.org/issues/11954