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Penal Substitutionary Atonement

What is Penal Substitutionary Atonement (PSA)?

Their system is briefly this: God is bound to punish sin, and to punish it to the uttermost. His justice requires that sin be punished. But he loves man, and does not want to punish him if he can help it. Jesus Christ says, ‘I will take his punishment upon me.’ God accepts his offer, and lets man go unpunished—upon a condition. His justice is more than satisfied by the punishment of an infinite being instead of a world of worthless creatures. The suffering of Jesus is of greater value than that of all the generations, through endless ages, because he is infinite, pure, perfect in love and truth, being God’s own everlasting son. God’s condition with man is, that he believe in Christ’s atonement thus explained. A man must say, ‘I have sinned, and deserve to be tortured to all eternity. But Christ has paid my debts, by being punished instead of me. Therefore he is my Saviour. I am now bound by gratitude to him to turn away

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Logical Arguments for Universal Reconciliation

Background

In the early church, this was a respectable & widely held belief, split with annihilation (Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, Philo), and to a lesser extent, eternal torment. This was held by Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Didymus the Blind, Gregory of Nyssa, Diodore of Tarsus, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Eusebius of Cesarea, and Theodoret, likely as well as Heraclas of Alexandria, Gregory Thaumaturgus, and Athenodorus of Pontus, Jerome, Chrysostom, Basil, and Gregory of Nazianzum.

There were at least six theological schools in the Church at large. Of these six schools, one, and only one, was decidedly and earnestly in favor of the doctrine of future eternal punishment. One was in favor of the annihilation of the wicked. Two were in favor of the doctrine of universal restoration on the principles of Origen, and two in favor of universal restoration on the principles of Theodore of Mopsuestia.

It is also true that the prominent defenders of the

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Afterlife Terminology

Sheol

Underworld, grave, hell, pit The OT designation for the abode of the dead, where both the wicked and righteous went

Hades

• Revelation 20:14 - Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.
• Luke 16:22-31 - The poor man died and was carried by the angels to Abraham's side [bosom]. The rich man also died and was buried, and in Hades, being in torment, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham far off and Lazarus at his side. And he called out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus to dip the end of his finger in water and cool my tongue, for I am in anguish in this flame.’ But Abraham said, ‘Child, remember that you in your lifetime received your good things, and Lazarus in like manner bad things; but now he is comforted here, and you are in anguish. And besides all this, between us and you a great chasm has been fixed, in order that those who would pass from here to you may not be able, and none may cross fro

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Baptism

Baptism (baptizo, baptisontai, washing) is the one sacrament that all Christian denominations share in common.

What is a sacrament?

A sacrament is a Christian rite recognized as of particular importance and significance. Many Christians consider the sacraments to be a visible symbol of the reality of God, as well as a means by which God enacts his grace. The definition of sacrament formulated by Augustine of Hippo is "an outward sign of an inward grace that has been instituted by Jesus Christ". In Ancient Rome, the term meant a soldier's oath of allegiance. Tertullian, a 3rd-century Christian writer, suggested that just as the soldier's oath was a sign of the beginning of a new life, so too was initiation into the Christian community through baptism and Eucharist. Sacraments signify God's grace in a way that is outwardly observable to the participant.

The basis for baptism

• Matthew 3:4-6 - John himself had a camel-hair garment with a leather belt around his waist, and his food

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Universal Reconciliation

The doctrine that Christ will eventually bring all men to himself, as opposed to eternal damnation or annihilation

AKA Patristic Universalism, Universal Restoration, Ultimate Redemption/Reconciliation, Hopeful Inclusivism, Doctrine of Inclusion, The Larger Hope, The Greater Faith, Universal Salvation, apokatastasis, etc.

It is not pluralistic universalism or 'pop' universalism.

Notable terms

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Keybase proof

I hereby claim:

• I am spsaucier on github.
• I am spsaucier (https://keybase.io/spsaucier) on keybase.
• I have a public key whose fingerprint is AAFF 2A5B E4F6 D5ED 7BC0 943A 8EB0 4B9D EC54 9A68

To claim this, I am signing this object:

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