archlinux-install.sh

# confirm you can access the internet
if [[ ! $(curl -Is http://www.google.com/ | head -n 1) =~ "200 OK" ]]; then
  echo "Your Internet seems broken. Press Ctrl-C to abort or enter to continue."
  read
fi

# make 2 partitions on the disk.
parted -s /dev/sda mktable msdos
parted -s /dev/sda mkpart primary 0% 100%

# make filesystems
# /
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1

# set up /mnt
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt

# Force arch mirror of hs-esslingen
echo 'Server = http://ftp-stud.hs-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
pacman -Syy

# install base packages (take a coffee break if you have slow internet)
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

# install grub
arch-chroot /mnt pacman -S grub os-prober --noconfirm

# copy ranked mirrorlist over
cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist* /mnt/etc/pacman.d

# generate fstab
genfstab -p /mnt >>/mnt/etc/fstab

# chroot
arch-chroot /mnt /bin/bash <<EOF

# set initial hostname
echo "archlinux-$(date -I)" >/etc/hostname

# set initial timezone to Europe/Berlin
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Berlin /etc/localtime

# set initial locale
locale >/etc/locale.conf
echo "en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8" >>/etc/locale.gen
echo "en_US ISO-8859-1" >>/etc/locale.gen
locale-gen

# no modifications to mkinitcpio.conf should be needed
mkinitcpio -p linux

# install grub bootloader
grub-install --target=i386-pc /dev/sda

# generate grub config
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

# set root password to "root"
echo root:root | chpasswd

# end section sent to chroot
EOF

# unmount
umount /mnt/

echo "Done! Unmount the CD image from the VM, then type 'reboot'."

Update your comments. They are outdated since your last changes. ;-)