Created
March 31, 2013 16:47
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Branch prediction rate doing 'dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null' (with the same usb flash) for Atom, Cortex-A8 and Cortex-A15
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| ======= Intel Atom N450 ========== | |
| atom ~ # perf stat dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1M | |
| 7839+1 records in | |
| 7839+1 records out | |
| 8220834816 bytes (8.2 GB) copied, 411.443 s, 20.0 MB/s | |
| Performance counter stats for 'dd if=/dev/sdb of=/dev/null bs=1M': | |
| 35503.879851 task-clock # 0.086 CPUs utilized | |
| 251,314 context-switches # 0.007 M/sec | |
| 1,042 CPU-migrations # 0.029 K/sec | |
| 507 page-faults # 0.014 K/sec | |
| 54,831,835,725 cycles # 1.544 GHz | |
| <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend | |
| <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend | |
| 16,841,062,310 instructions # 0.31 insns per cycle | |
| 3,226,037,494 branches # 90.864 M/sec | |
| 152,386,299 branch-misses # 4.72% of all branches | |
| 411.461097543 seconds time elapsed | |
| ======= Allwinner A10 (Mele A2000) ======== | |
| sun4i ~ # perf stat dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M | |
| 7839+1 records in | |
| 7839+1 records out | |
| 8220834816 bytes (8.2 GB) copied, 441.431 s, 18.6 MB/s | |
| Performance counter stats for 'dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M': | |
| 60620.000000 task-clock # 0.137 CPUs utilized | |
| 295066 context-switches # 0.005 M/sec | |
| 0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec | |
| 466 page-faults # 0.008 K/sec | |
| 49514491451 cycles # 0.817 GHz | |
| 7468409937 stalled-cycles-frontend # 15.08% frontend cycles idle | |
| <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend | |
| 18304965462 instructions # 0.37 insns per cycle | |
| # 0.41 stalled cycles per insn | |
| 2050618041 branches # 33.827 M/sec | |
| 213548800 branch-misses # 10.41% of all branches | |
| 441.446989758 seconds time elapsed | |
| perf record -e branch-misses dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1000 && perf report -n | |
| # Events: 110K branch-misses | |
| # | |
| # Overhead Samples Command Shared Object Symbol | |
| # ........ .......... ....... ................. ..................................... | |
| # | |
| 5.12% 5206 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] blkdev_get_block | |
| 4.28% 4477 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] bio_attempt_back_merge | |
| 4.24% 4158 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] get_request | |
| 4.12% 4437 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] generic_make_request_checks | |
| 4.05% 4457 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __slab_alloc.isra.58.constprop.63 | |
| 4.04% 3652 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] get_page_from_freelist | |
| 3.70% 4404 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] submit_bh | |
| 3.66% 4176 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] kmem_cache_alloc | |
| 3.58% 3788 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] block_read_full_page | |
| 3.44% 3820 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sub_preempt_count | |
| 3.43% 3021 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] scsi_request_fn | |
| 3.37% 4177 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] add_preempt_count | |
| 3.00% 3212 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __do_page_cache_readahead | |
| 2.53% 2613 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] create_empty_buffers | |
| 2.10% 3365 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __blk_recalc_rq_segments | |
| 1.97% 1965 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __copy_to_user_std | |
| 1.93% 2195 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] add_to_page_cache_locked | |
| 1.85% 3159 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ll_back_merge_fn | |
| 1.82% 1918 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] generic_file_aio_read | |
| 1.79% 2906 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] finish_task_switch.constprop.75 | |
| 1.66% 2094 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] drive_stat_acct | |
| 1.59% 1977 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] blk_queue_bio | |
| 1.58% 1612 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __memzero | |
| 1.34% 1448 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] alloc_buffer_head | |
| 1.18% 1117 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] put_page | |
| 1.06% 1380 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mempool_alloc | |
| 0.93% 1604 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __rcu_read_unlock | |
| 0.89% 998 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] bio_alloc_bioset | |
| 0.88% 1903 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] generic_make_request | |
| 0.78% 866 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] radix_tree_lookup_element | |
| 0.76% 768 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __alloc_pages_nodemask | |
| 0.74% 771 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] pagevec_lru_move_fn | |
| 0.70% 717 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] prepare_to_wait_exclusive | |
| ========= Exynos 5250 (ARM Chromebook) ============= | |
| a15 ~ # perf stat dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M | |
| 7839+1 records in | |
| 7839+1 records out | |
| 8220834816 bytes (8.2 GB) copied, 350.353 s, 23.5 MB/s | |
| Performance counter stats for 'dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M': | |
| 27822.467420 task-clock # 0.079 CPUs utilized | |
| 252294 context-switches # 0.009 M/sec | |
| 31 CPU-migrations # 0.001 K/sec | |
| 465 page-faults # 0.017 K/sec | |
| 45755749191 cycles # 1.645 GHz | |
| <not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend | |
| <not supported> stalled-cycles-backend | |
| 20143388608 instructions # 0.44 insns per cycle | |
| 3972022678 branches # 142.763 M/sec | |
| 180404037 branch-misses # 4.54% of all branches | |
| 350.364623292 seconds time elapsed | |
| perf record -e branch-misses dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1000 && perf report -n | |
| # Events: 10K branch-misses | |
| # | |
| # Overhead Samples Command Shared Object Symbol | |
| # ........ .......... ....... ................. ............................... | |
| # | |
| 27.06% 2928 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irq | |
| 6.48% 703 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] blkdev_max_block | |
| 5.58% 605 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] kmem_cache_alloc | |
| 5.24% 571 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] generic_make_request_checks | |
| 3.78% 393 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _test_and_set_bit | |
| 2.80% 285 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] get_page_from_freelist | |
| 2.39% 265 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] block_read_full_page | |
| 2.33% 274 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _set_bit | |
| 2.06% 228 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __copy_to_user_std | |
| 2.00% 164 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] put_page | |
| 1.97% 147 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _clear_bit | |
| 1.70% 178 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __blk_recalc_rq_segments | |
| 1.65% 170 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore | |
| 1.42% 164 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] bio_put | |
| 1.36% 140 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __slab_alloc.constprop.49 | |
| 1.18% 123 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _cond_resched | |
| 1.14% 128 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] blk_queue_bio | |
| 1.13% 93 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] do_raw_spin_unlock | |
| 1.11% 119 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] generic_file_aio_read | |
| 1.08% 109 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] alloc_buffer_head | |
| 1.02% 97 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] recalc_bh_state | |
| 1.00% 103 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] drive_stat_acct | |
| 1.00% 72 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] free_hot_cold_page | |
| 0.98% 92 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] find_get_page | |
| 0.95% 106 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] submit_bio | |
| 0.79% 82 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] radix_tree_lookup_element | |
| 0.78% 85 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] page_address | |
| 0.76% 63 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _test_and_clear_bit | |
| 0.70% 69 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] submit_bh | |
| 0.63% 55 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] bio_alloc | |
| 0.61% 54 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __alloc_pages_nodemask | |
| 0.60% 59 dd [kernel.kallsyms] [k] blkdev_get_block |
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