linux

--- ls ---

ls -dl */ (list only directories)
ls -l | grep "^d"

--- copy ---

rsync options source destination (http://cloudtips.org/rsync.html)

rsync -zvr /tmp/helloworld/ /root/message
-z, --compress 
-v, --verbose 
-r, --recursive

rsync -azv /tmp/helloworld/ /root/message
-a, --archive (archive mode; same as -rlptgoD)
-l, --links (copy symlinks as symlinks)
-p, --perms (preserve permissions)
-t, --times (preserve times)
-g, --group (preserve group)
-o, --owner (preserve owner)
-D (same as --devices --specials)

rsync -azvu /tmp/helloworld/ /root/message
-u, --update (skip files that are newer on the receiver)

rsync -dv /tmp/ /root/remotedirs/
rsync -tdv /tmp/ /root/remotedirs/
-d, --dirs (transfer directories without recursing)

rsync -avz --progress user@host:/tmp/serverdir /tmp/localdir/
--progress (show progress during transfer)

rsync -azv --delete user@host:/tmp/message test2/
--delete (delete extraneous files from dest dirs)

rsync -azv --existing user@host:/tmp/message test2/
--existing (skip creating new files on receiver)

rsync -azvi user@host:/tmp/message test2/
-i, --itemize-changes (output a change-summary for all updates, YXcstpoguax)

rsync -avz --include 'P*' --exclude '*' user@host:/tmp/message test2/
--include=PATTERN (don't exclude files matching PATTERN)
--exclude=PATTERN (exclude files matching PATTERN)

rsync -avz user@host:/tmp/serverdir /tmp/localdir/
rsync -avz user@host:/tmp/serverdir
rsync -avz --max-size='100K' user@host:/tmp/serverdir /tmp/localdir/ 

-- find --

find ./ -name aaa.php

--- create directories ---

mkdir -p a/b/c
mkdir -p message/{hello,world}
mkdir -p a/b{1,2}/c
mkdir -p a/b{1,2,3/c{1,2}}/d

--- disk usage ---

du -h (disk usage for files in current dir)
du -h f1/ (diska usage for f1/ dir)
du -h -d 1 (disk usage for current dir with 1 depth)
du -hs == du -h -d 0 == du -h --max-depth=0 (current dir, -d 1 - children of dir)
sudo du -h -d 1 /
du -ah --exclude='.git' long-dialog/ (-a - show all)

df -h (disk space of file systems)
df -h / (disk space of specified file system)
df -h ~/note.txt (disk space of file system of file note.txt)

--- add user ---

adduser username

--- user groups ---

usermod -a -G groupname username

--- sudo ---

/etc/sudoers -> must be edited with visudo
export EDITOR=vim (in .bashrc to use vim as a default editor for visudo)

/var/log/secure - sudo log?

--- links ---

ln -s Conf/dircolors .dircolors

--- disk space ---

df -h

--- apache2 ---

sudo apt-get install apache2

/etc/apache2/sites-available/default
AllowOverride All

(http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/howto/auth.html)
htpasswd -c .htpassword user

.htaccess:

AuthType Basic
AuthName "Who are you?"
AuthBasicProvider file
AuthUserFile /var/www/.htpassword
Require valid-user

sudo a2enmod rewrite (a2dismod to disable module)
sudo service apache2 restart


sudo a2ensite sitename
sudo service apache2 reload

--- mysql ---

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

sudo mysql_install_db

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h hostname password 'new-password'

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

--- php ---

sudo apt-get install php5 php5-mysql php5-gd

--- ssh ---

/etc/ssh/sshd_conf (man sshd_config)

PermitRootLogin no

Port 22 (change to something else, 25000)
AllowUsers demo

(DenyUsers, AllowUsers, DenyGroups, and finally AllowGroups)

sudo service ssh reload
(Reloading OpenBSD Secure Shell server's configuration: sshd.)

sudo service ssh restart
(Restarting OpenBSD Secure Shell server: sshd.)

/var/log/auth.log (who logged in or sudo)

--- grep ---

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12516937/grep-but-only-certain-file-extensions
grep -r -i --include \*.css --include \*.php button-new ./

--- redis ---

$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.12.tar.gz
$ tar xzf redis-2.8.12.tar.gz
$ cd redis-2.8.12
$ make

(http://redis.io/download)

(-> fail, so lets now:)

sudo apt-get install build-essential

(https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-redis)

(jemalloc/jemalloc.h: No such file or directory)

http://blog.gbinghan.com/2012/05/installing-redis-jemallocjemalloch-no.html

$make distclean
$make (OK!!)

Hint: To run 'make test' is a good idea ;)

$make test
cd src && make test
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/vacheslav/src/redis-2.8.12/src'
You need tcl 8.5 or newer in order to run the Redis test
make[1]: *** [test] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/vacheslav/src/redis-2.8.12/src'
make: *** [test] Error 2

$sudo apt-get install tcl8.5 (for tests)
$make test

sudo ./install_server.sh (after sudo make install)
Port           : 6379
Config file    : /etc/redis/6379.conf
Log file       : /var/log/redis_6379.log
Data dir       : /var/lib/redis/6379
Executable     : /usr/local/bin/redis-server
Cli Executable : /usr/local/bin/redis-cli

--- phpredis (https://github.com/nicolasff/phpredis) ---

phpize (sudo apt-get install php5-dev)
(http://www.stableit.ru/2012/11/phpredis-git.html)