Example next.js custom server with headers taken from the page meta tags to solve the problem https://github.com/vercel/next.js/issues/50914

server.ts

import { createServer, type IncomingMessage, type ServerResponse } from "http";
import { StringDecoder } from "string_decoder";
import { parse } from "url";

import next from "next";

import nextConfig from "../next.config";

const decoder = new StringDecoder("utf-8");

const port = parseInt(process.env.PORT || "", 10) || 8080;
const app = next({ dev: process.env.NODE_ENV !== "production", ...nextConfig });
const handle = app.getRequestHandler();

const parseMetaContent = (tagName: string, decodedBuffer: string) => {
  const [, result] =
    decodedBuffer.match(
      new RegExp(`name=(?:")?${tagName}(?:")? content=(?:")?([a-z0-9-, ]+)(?:")?`)
    ) || [];
  return result;
};

const setHeaderIfPresents = (
  res: ServerResponse<IncomingMessage>,
  name: string,
  value?: string
) => {
  if (value) res.setHeader(name, value);
};

app.prepare().then(() => {
  createServer(async (req, res) => {
    const parsedUrl = parse(req.url!, true);
    if (!req.url?.includes(".")) {
      /** save the link to the res.write function */
      const write = res.write.bind(res);
      let i = 0;
      /** hack the res.write function and wrap it with the custom one */
      res.write = (buffer: Buffer) => {
        /** meta tags are placed only in the first frame */
        if (++i === 1) {
          const decoded = decoder.write(buffer); // with GZIP disabled decoder able to decode the buffer to string
          /** is ok to set the header here with transfer-encoding: chunk */
          setHeaderIfPresents(res, "Cache-Tag", parseMetaContent("cacheTag", decoded));
          setHeaderIfPresents(res, "X-Robots-Tag", parseMetaContent("robots", decoded));
        }
        return write(buffer);
      };
    }
    await handle(req, res, parsedUrl);
  })
    .once("error", (err) => {
      console.error(err);
      process.exit(1);
    })
    .listen(port, () => {
      console.log(`> Ready on http://localhost:${port}`);
    });
});