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Last active June 26, 2018 14:20
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Protocol Stack

1. Application Layer

1. TELNET

The TELNET protocol provides a standardized interface, through which a program on one host (the TELNET client) may access the resources of another host (the TELNET server) as though the client were a local terminal connected to the server.

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

The File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network

3. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is an Internet standard for electronic mail transmission.

4. DNS (Domain Name System)

The Internet's system for converting alphabetic names into numeric IP addresses.

5. DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol)

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol that enables a server to automatically assign an IP address to a computer from a defined range of numbers (i.e., a scope) configured for a given network.

6. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol)

The Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, and hypermedia information systems.

2. Transport Layer

1. TCP(Transmission Control Protocol)

The function of TCP is to control the transfer of data such that it is reliable.

2. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

For Fast data transfer.

3. Internet Layer/Network Layer

1. IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol)

The Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) is a communications protocol used by hosts and adjacent routers on IPv4 networks to establish multicast group memberships

2. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

It is used by network devices, including routers, to send error messages and operational information indicating, for example, that a requested service is not available or that a host or router could not be reached

3. IP (Internet Protocol)

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on the Internet.

4. ARP(Address Resolution Protocol)

The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a communication protocol used for discovering the link layer address, such as a MAC address, associated with a given network layer address, typically an IPv4 address.

5. RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol)

The Reverse Address Resolution Protocol (RARP) is an obsolete computer networking protocol used by a client computer to request its Internet Protocol (IPv4) address from a computer network, when all it has available is its link layer or hardware address, such as a MAC address.

4. Link Layer / Network Access Layer

1. MAC

Same

2.LLC (Logical Link Control)

The LLC sublayer provides multiplexing mechanisms that make it possible for several network protocols.

3. Ethernet (IEE 802.3)

Ethernet is a link layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack, describing how networked devices can format data for transmission to other network devices on the same network segment, and how to put that data out on the network connection.

4. SDH and SONET

Synchronous optical networking (SONET) and synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) are standardized protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams synchronously over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs).

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