Lima template

README.md

1. Create the following directories in your home directory:

mkdir -p lima/code

This mounts your local filesytem (under $/lima/code) to $/code in the Lima instance.

2. Install Lima if you haven't already done so.

brew install lima

3. Create a Lima instance (virtual machine, guest):

limactl start --name NAME URL # the URL of the raw dev-template.yaml

4. Log into the instance

limactl shell NAME

5. Optionally make it easier to ssh into the instance

limactl show-ssh --format=config NAME >> ~/.ssh/config

NOTE: If you use fig, you may want to manually edit ~/.ssh/config after that to restore the fig matching rule to the bottom.

dev-template.yaml

# ===================================================================== #
# BASIC CONFIGURATION
# ===================================================================== #

# Default values in this YAML file are specified by `null` instead of Lima's "builtin default" values,
# so they can be overridden by the $LIMA_HOME/_config/default.yaml mechanism documented at the end of this file.

# VM type: "qemu" or "vz" (on macOS 13 and later).
# The vmType can be specified only on creating the instance.
# The vmType of existing instances cannot be changed.
# 🟢 Builtin default: "qemu"
vmType: null

# Arch: "default", "x86_64", "aarch64".
# 🟢 Builtin default: "default" (corresponds to the host architecture)
arch: null

# OpenStack-compatible disk image.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null (must be specified)
# 🔵 This file: Ubuntu 23.04 Lunar Lobster images
images:
# Try to use release-yyyyMMdd image if available. Note that release-yyyyMMdd will be removed after several months.
- location: "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/23.04/release-20230502/ubuntu-23.04-server-cloudimg-amd64.img"
  arch: "x86_64"
  digest: "sha256:13965c84c65cbab0b34326ac34ac0c47a88030f9dff80e6391e56cb9077cadd0"
- location: "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/23.04/release-20230502/ubuntu-23.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.img"
  arch: "aarch64"
  digest: "sha256:76a0fc791ed48ea8d0325463e2748e06aa3836292df1178ee4af8daf12a643bf"
# Fallback to the latest release image.
# Hint: run `limactl prune` to invalidate the cache
- location: "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/23.04/release/ubuntu-23.04-server-cloudimg-amd64.img"
  arch: "x86_64"
- location: "https://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/releases/23.04/release/ubuntu-23.04-server-cloudimg-arm64.img"
  arch: "aarch64"

# CPUs
# 🟢 Builtin default: min(4, host CPU cores)
cpus: null

# Memory size
# 🟢 Builtin default: min("4GiB", half of host memory)
memory: null

# Disk size
# 🟢 Builtin default: "100GiB"
disk: null

# Expose host directories to the guest, the mount point might be accessible from all UIDs in the guest
# 🟢 Builtin default: null (Mount nothing)
# 🔵 This file: Mount the home as read-only, /tmp/lima as writable
mounts:
- location: "~/lima/code"
  # Configure the mountPoint inside the guest.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: value of location
  mountPoint: "code"
  # CAUTION: `writable` SHOULD be false for the home directory.
  # Setting `writable` to true is possible, but untested and dangerous.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  writable: true
  sshfs:
    # Enabling the SSHFS cache will increase performance of the mounted filesystem, at
    # the cost of potentially not reflecting changes made on the host in a timely manner.
    # Warning: It looks like PHP filesystem access does not work correctly when
    # the cache is disabled.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: true
    cache: null
    # SSHFS has an optional flag called 'follow_symlinks'. This allows mounts
    # to be properly resolved in the guest os and allow for access to the
    # contents of the symlink. As a result, symlinked files & folders on the Host
    # system will look and feel like regular files directories in the Guest OS.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: false
    followSymlinks: null
    # SFTP driver, "builtin" or "openssh-sftp-server". "openssh-sftp-server" is recommended.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "openssh-sftp-server" if OpenSSH SFTP Server binary is found, otherwise "builtin"
    sftpDriver: null
  9p:
    # Supported security models are "passthrough", "mapped-xattr", "mapped-file" and "none".
    # "mapped-xattr" and "mapped-file" are useful for persistent chown but incompatible with symlinks.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "none" (since Lima v0.13)
    securityModel: null
    # Select 9P protocol version. Valid options are: "9p2000" (legacy), "9p2000.u", "9p2000.L".
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "9p2000.L"
    protocolVersion: null
    # The number of bytes to use for 9p packet payload, where 4KiB is the absolute minimum.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "128KiB"
    msize: null
    # Specifies a caching policy. Valid options are: "none", "loose", "fscache" and "mmap".
    # Try choosing "mmap" or "none" if you see a stability issue with the default "fscache".
    # See https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/filesystems/9p.txt
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "fscache" for non-writable mounts, "mmap" for writable mounts
    cache: null
- location: "/tmp/lima"
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  # 🔵 This file: true (only for "/tmp/lima")
  writable: true

# Mount type for above mounts, such as "reverse-sshfs" (from sshocker), "9p" (EXPERIMENTAL, from QEMU’s virtio-9p-pci, aka virtfs),
# or "virtiofs" (EXPERIMENTAL, needs `vmType: vz`)
# 🟢 Builtin default: "reverse-sshfs" (for QEMU), "virtiofs" (for vz)
mountType: null

# Lima disks to attach to the instance. The disks will be accessible from inside the
# instance, labeled by name. (e.g. if the disk is named "data", it will be labeled
# "lima-data" inside the instance). The disk will be mounted inside the instance at
# `/mnt/lima-${VOLUME}`.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
additionalDisks:
# disks should be a list of disk name strings, for example:
# - "data"

ssh:
  # A localhost port of the host. Forwarded to port 22 of the guest.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: 0 (automatically assigned to a free port)
  # NOTE: when the instance name is "default", the builtin default value is set to
  # 60022 for backward compatibility.
  localPort: 0
  # Load ~/.ssh/*.pub in addition to $LIMA_HOME/_config/user.pub .
  # This option is useful when you want to use other SSH-based
  # applications such as rsync with the Lima instance.
  # If you have an insecure key under ~/.ssh, do not use this option.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: true
  loadDotSSHPubKeys: null
  # Forward ssh agent into the instance.
  # The ssh agent socket can be mounted in a container at the path `/run/host-services/ssh-auth.sock`.
  # Set the environment variable `SSH_AUTH_SOCK` value to the path above.
  # The socket is accessible by the non-root user inside the Lima instance.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  forwardAgent: null
  # Forward X11 into the instance
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  forwardX11: null
  # Trust forwarded X11 clients
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  forwardX11Trusted: null

# ===================================================================== #
# ADVANCED CONFIGURATION
# ===================================================================== #

caCerts:
  # If set to `true`, this will remove all the default trusted CA certificates that
  # are normally shipped with the OS.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  removeDefaults: null

  # A list of trusted CA certificate files. The files will be read and passed to cloud-init.
  files:
  # - examples/hello.crt

  # A list of trusted CA certificates. These are directly passed to cloud-init.
  certs:
  # - |
  #   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  #   YOUR-ORGS-TRUSTED-CA-CERT-HERE
  #   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
  # - |
  #   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
  #   YOUR-ORGS-TRUSTED-CA-CERT-HERE
  #   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

containerd:
  # Enable system-wide (aka rootful)  containerd and its dependencies (BuildKit, Stargz Snapshotter)
  # Note that `nerdctl.lima` only works in rootless mode; you have to use `lima sudo nerdctl ...`
  # to use rootful containerd with nerdctl.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  system: null
  # Enable user-scoped (aka rootless) containerd and its dependencies
  # 🟢 Builtin default: true
  user: null
#  # Override containerd archive
#  # 🟢 Builtin default: hard-coded URL with hard-coded digest (see the output of `limactl info | jq .defaultTemplate.containerd.archives`)
#  archives:
#  - location: "~/Downloads/nerdctl-full-X.Y.Z-linux-amd64.tar.gz"
#    arch: "x86_64"
#    digest: "sha256:..."

# Provisioning scripts need to be idempotent because they might be called
# multiple times, e.g. when the host VM is being restarted.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
# provision:
# # `system` is executed with the root privilege
# - mode: system
#   script: |
#     #!/bin/bash
#     set -eux -o pipefail
#     export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
#     apt-get install -y vim
# # `user` is executed without the root privilege
# - mode: user
#   script: |
#     #!/bin/bash
#     set -eux -o pipefail
#     cat <<EOF > ~/.vimrc
#     set number
#     EOF
# # `boot` is executed directly by /bin/sh as part of cloud-init-local.service's early boot process,
# # which is why there is no hash-bang specified in the example
# # See cloud-init docs for more info https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/examples.html#run-commands-on-first-boot
# - mode: boot
#   script: |
#     systemctl disable NetworkManager-wait-online.service
# # `dependency` is executed before the regular dependency resolution workflow in
# # pkg/cidata/cidata.TEMPLATE.d/boot/30-install-packages.sh
# # If skipDefaultDependencyResolution is set on at least one `dependency` mode provisioning script, the regular
# # dependency resolution workflow in pkg/cidata/cidata.TEMPLATE.d/boot/30-install-packages.sh will be skipped.
# - mode: dependency
#   skipDefaultDependencyResolution: false
#   script: |
#     #!/bin/bash
#     dnf config-manager --add-repo ...
#     dnf install ...

# Probe scripts to check readiness.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
# probes:
# # Only `readiness` probes are supported right now.
# - mode: readiness
#   description: vim to be installed
#   script: |
#      #!/bin/bash
#      set -eux -o pipefail
#      if ! timeout 30s bash -c "until command -v vim; do sleep 3; done"; then
#        echo >&2 "vim is not installed yet"
#        exit 1
#      fi
#   hint: |
#     vim was not installed in the guest. Make sure the package system is working correctly.
#     Also see "/var/log/cloud-init-output.log" in the guest.

# ===================================================================== #
# FURTHER ADVANCED CONFIGURATION
# ===================================================================== #

# Specify desired QEMU CPU type for each arch.
# You can see what options are available for host emulation with: `qemu-system-$(arch) -cpu help`.
# Setting of instructions is supported like this: "qemu64,+ssse3".
cpuType:
  # 🟢 Builtin default: "cortex-a72" (or "host" when running on aarch64 host)
  aarch64: null
  # 🟢 Builtin default: "cortex-a7" (or "host" when running on armv7l host)
  armv7l: null
  # 🟢 Builtin default: "qemu64" (or "host,-pdpe1gb" when running on x86_64 host)
  x86_64: null

rosetta:
  # Enable Rosetta for Linux (EXPERIMENTAL).
  # Hint: try `softwareupdate --install-rosetta` if Lima gets stuck at `Installing rosetta...`
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  enabled: null
  # Register rosetta to /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  binfmt: null

firmware:
  # Use legacy BIOS instead of UEFI. Ignored for aarch64.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  legacyBIOS: null

audio:
  # EXPERIMENTAL
  # QEMU audiodev, e.g., "none", "coreaudio", "pa", "alsa", "oss".
  # VZ driver, use "vz" as device name
  # Choosing "none" will mute the audio output, and not play any sound.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: ""
  device: null

video:
  # QEMU display, e.g., "none", "cocoa", "sdl", "gtk", "vnc", "default".
  # Choosing "none" will hide the video output, and not show any window.
  # Choosing "vnc" will use a network server, and not show any window.
  # Choosing "default" will pick the first available of: gtk, sdl, cocoa.
  # As of QEMU v6.2, enabling anything but none or vnc is known to have negative impact
  # on performance on macOS hosts: https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/334
  # 🟢 Builtin default: "none"
  display: null
  # VNC (Virtual Network Computing) is a platform-independent graphical
  # desktop-sharing system that uses the Remote Frame Buffer protocol (RFB)
  vnc:
    # VNC display, e.g.,"to=L", "host:d", "unix:path", "none"
    # By convention the TCP port is 5900+d, connections from any host.
    # 🟢 Builtin default: "127.0.0.1:0,to=9"
    display: null

# The instance can get routable IP addresses from the vmnet framework using
# https://github.com/lima-vm/socket_vmnet.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
networks:
# Lima can manage daemons for networks defined in $LIMA_HOME/_config/networks.yaml
# automatically. The socket_vmnet binary must be installed into
# secure locations only alterable by the "root" user.
# The same applies to vde_switch and vde_vmnet for the deprecated VDE mode.
# - lima: shared
#   # MAC address of the instance; lima will pick one based on the instance name,
#   # so DHCP assigned ip addresses should remain constant over instance restarts.
#   macAddress: ""
#   # Interface name, defaults to "lima0", "lima1", etc.
#   interface: ""
#
# Lima can also connect to "unmanaged" networks addressed by "socket". This
# means that the daemons will not be controlled by Lima, but must be started
# before the instance.  The interface type (host, shared, or bridged) is
# configured in socket_vmnet and not in lima.
# - socket: "/var/run/socket_vmnet"


# The "vzNAT" IP address is accessible from the host, but not from other guests.
# Needs `vmType: vz` (EXPERIMENTAL).
# - vzNAT: true

# vnl (virtual network locator) points to the vde_switch socket directory,
# optionally with vde:// prefix
# ⚠️  vnl is deprecated, use socket.
# - vnl: "vde:///var/run/vde.ctl"
#   # VDE Switch port number (not TCP/UDP port number). Set to 65535 for PTP mode.
#   # Builtin default: 0
#   switchPort: 0
#   # MAC address of the instance; lima will pick one based on the instance name,
#   # so DHCP assigned ip addresses should remain constant over instance restarts.
#   macAddress: ""
#   # Interface name, defaults to "lima0", "lima1", etc.
#   interface: ""

# Port forwarding rules. Forwarding between ports 22 and ssh.localPort cannot be overridden.
# Rules are checked sequentially until the first one matches.
# portForwards:
# - guestPort: 443
#   hostIP: "0.0.0.0" # overrides the default value "127.0.0.1"; allows privileged port forwarding
# # default: hostPort: 443 (same as guestPort)
# # default: guestIP: "127.0.0.1" (also matches bind addresses "0.0.0.0", "::", and "::1")
# # default: proto: "tcp" (only valid value right now)
#
# - guestPortRange: [4000, 4999]
#   hostIP:  "0.0.0.0" # overrides the default value "127.0.0.1"
# # default: hostPortRange: [4000, 4999] (must specify same number of ports as guestPortRange)
#
# - guestPort: 80
#   hostPort: 8080 # overrides the default value 80
#
# - guestIP: "127.0.0.2" # overrides the default value "127.0.0.1"
#   hostIP: "127.0.0.2" # overrides the default value "127.0.0.1"
# # default: guestPortRange: [1, 65535]
# # default: hostPortRange: [1, 65535]
#
# - guestPort: 8888
#   ignore: true (don't forward this port)
#
# - guestPort: 7443
#   guestIP: "0.0.0.0"       # Will match *any* interface
#   guestIPMustBeZero: true  # Restrict matching to 0.0.0.0 binds only
#   hostIP: "0.0.0.0"        # Forwards to 0.0.0.0, exposing it externally
#
# - guestSocket: "/run/user/{{.UID}}/my.sock"
#   hostSocket: mysocket
# # default: reverse: false
# # "guestSocket" can include these template variables: {{.Home}}, {{.UID}}, and {{.User}}.
# # "hostSocket" can include {{.Home}}, {{.Dir}}, {{.Name}}, {{.UID}}, and {{.User}}.
# # "reverse" can only be used for unix sockets right now, not for tcp sockets.
# # Put sockets into "{{.Dir}}/sock" to avoid collision with Lima internal sockets!
# # Sockets can also be forwarded to ports and vice versa, but not to/from a range of ports.
# # Forwarding requires the lima user to have rw access to the "guestsocket",
# # and the local user rwx access to the directory of the "hostsocket".
#
# # Lima internally appends this fallback rule at the end:
# - guestIP: "127.0.0.1"
#   guestPortRange: [1, 65535]
#   hostIP: "127.0.0.1"
#   hostPortRange: [1, 65535]
# # Any port still not matched by a rule will not be forwarded (ignored)

# Copy files from the guest to the host. Copied after provisioning scripts have been completed.
# copyToHost:
# - guest: "/etc/myconfig.cfg"
#   host: "{{.Dir}}/copied-from-guest/myconfig"
# # "guest" can include these template variables: {{.Home}}, {{.UID}}, and {{.User}}.
# # "host" can include {{.Home}}, {{.Dir}}, {{.Name}}, {{.UID}}, and {{.User}}.

# Message. Information to be shown to the user, given as a Go template for the instance.
# The same template variables as for listing instances can be used, for example {{.Dir}}.
# You can view the complete list of variables using `limactl list --list-fields` command.
# It also includes {{.HostOS}} and {{.HostArch}} vars, for the runtime GOOS and GOARCH.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
# message: |
#   This will be shown to the user.

# Extra environment variables that will be loaded into the VM at start up.
# These variables are consumed by internal init scripts, and also added
# to /etc/environment.
# If you set any of "ftp_proxy", "http_proxy", "https_proxy", or "no_proxy", then
# Lima will automatically set an uppercase variant to the same value as well.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
# env:
#   KEY: value

# Lima will override the proxy environment variables with values from the current process
# environment (the environment in effect when you run `limactl start`). It will automatically
# replace the strings "localhost" and "127.0.0.1" with the host gateway address from inside
# the VM, so it stays routable. Use of the process environment can be disabled by setting
# propagateProxyEnv to false.
# 🟢 Builtn default: true
propagateProxyEnv: null

# The host agent implements a DNS server that looks up host names on the host
# using the local system resolver. This means changing VPN and network settings
# are reflected automatically into the guest, including conditional forward,
# and mDNS lookup. By default only IPv4 addresses will be returned. IPv6 addresses
# can only work when using a vmnet network interface and the host has working
# IPv6 configured as well.
hostResolver:
  # 🟢 Builtin default: true
  enabled: null
  # 🟢 Builtin default: false
  ipv6: null
  # Static names can be defined here as an alternative to adding them to the hosts /etc/hosts.
  # Values can be either other hostnames, or IP addresses. The host.lima.internal name is
  # predefined to specify the gateway address to the host.
  # 🟢 Builtin default: null
  hosts:
    # guest.name: 127.1.1.1
    # host.name: host.lima.internal

# If useHostResolver is false, then the following rules apply for configuring dns:
# Explicitly set DNS addresses for qemu user-mode networking. By default qemu picks *one*
# nameserver from the host config and forwards all queries to this server. On macOS
# Lima adds the nameservers configured for the first host interface in service order,
# that has an IPv4 address, to the list. In case this still doesn't work (e.g. VPN
# setups), the servers can be specified here explicitly. If nameservers are specified
# here, then the configuration from network preferences will be ignored.
# 🟢 Builtin default: null
# dns:
# - 1.1.1.1
# - 1.0.0.1

# ===================================================================== #
# GLOBAL DEFAULTS AND OVERRIDES
# ===================================================================== #

# The builtin defaults can be changed globally by creating a $LIMA_HOME/_config/default.yaml
# file. It will be used by ALL instances under the same $LIMA_HOME, and it
# will be applied on each `limactl start`, so can affect instance restarts.

# A similar mechanism is $LIMA_HOME/_config/override.yaml, which will take
# precedence even over the settings in an instances lima.yaml file.
# It too applies to ALL instances under the same $LIMA_HOME, and is applied
# on each restart. It can be used to globally override settings, e.g. make
# the mount of the home directory writable.

# On each instance start the config settings are determined: If a value is
# not set in `lima.yaml`, then the `default.yaml` is used. If that file
# doesn't exist, or the value is not defined in the file, then the builtin
# default is used. If `override.yaml` exists and defines the value, then
# it overrides whatever has been chosen so far.

# For slices (e.g. `mounts`, `provision`) and maps (`env`) the entries are
# combined instead of replacing each other. Slices are produced from override
# settings, followed by lima.yaml, followed by default.yaml (but NOT from
# builtin defaults). Maps are produced starting with default.yaml values,
# overwriting with lima.yaml ones, overwriting with override.yaml.

# Exceptions:
# - `dns` will use the list from the highest priority file; they are not
#   combined. If override.yaml defines a list of `dns` entries, then the
#   settings in default.yaml and lima.yaml are ignored.
#
# - `mounts` will update the `writable` setting when 2 entries have the
#   same `location` value. For this reason they are processed in the opposite
#   order: starting with default, followed by lima, and then override.
#
# -`networks` will replace lower priority entries with the same `interface`
#   name with higher priority definitions. This does not apply if the
#  `interface` field is empty. `networks` are therefore also processed
#  in lowest to highest priority order.

# ===================================================================== #
# END OF TEMPLATE
# ===================================================================== #