Reading up on the objective c runtime, the runtime uses something like what was described in SICP: 2.4.3 Data-Directed Programming and Additivity. Properties, ivars, and classes can be created dynamically at runtime, meaning that there is an abstraction built around the class name and the data (ivars, etc) that are associated with that class. At least the size of a object is not fixed at compile time.
There's some really good analysis of the Objc runtime here: https://www.mikeash.com/pyblog/friday-qa-2009-03-13-intro-to-the-objective-c-runtime.html
And of course with Rust being the preeminent "glue" code, theres a great implementation of the objc bindings here: https://github.com/SSheldon/rust-objc#declaring-classes
I started up on a new tool to print out some pretty graphs of the runtime here: https://github.com/svevang/objective-c-class-printer
with resulting visualization: http://blotzy.com/objc_runtime_plus_foundation.svg