taco-shellcode/libDiffieHellmanStringEncryption.psm1

## libDiffieHellmanStringEncryption.psm1
#TODO - Set the hidden attribute for the stored files
#TODO - Set ACL permissions for Linux / Windows for stored files

# Used to pad the files that store the PublicKey and EncryptedPassword Alternate Data Streams
$base64Goose = @"
      JyxhZFBQWWIsZDggICxhZFBQWWJhLCAgICxhZFBQWWJhLCAgLGFkUFBZYmEsICAsYWRQUFliYSwNCmE4IiAgICBgWTg4IGE4IiAgICAgIjhhIGE4IiAgICAgI
      jhhIEk4WyAgICAiIiBhOFBfX19fXzg4ICANCjhiICAgICAgIDg4IDhiICAgICAgIGQ4IDhiICAgICAgIGQ4ICBgIlk4YmEsICA4UFAiIiIiIiIiICANCiI4YS
      wgICAsZDg4ICI4YSwgICAsYTgiICI4YSwgICAsYTgiIGFhICAgIF04SSAiOGIsICAgLGFhICANCiBgIlliYmRQIlk4ICBgIlliYmRQIicgICBgIlliYmRQIic
      gIGAiWWJiZFAiJyAgYCJZYmJkOCInICANCiBhYSwgICAgLDg4ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICANCiAgIlk4
      YmJkUCIgICAgICAgICAgIA0KDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXy4uLi0tLg0KICAgI
      CAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIF9fX19fLi4uLi4uLS0tLScgICAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC
      AgICAgXy4uLScnICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA
      uLw0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXy4tLS5fLicgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nIHwNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4tJyAg
      ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4tLicgIC8NCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuJyAgIF8uLS4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuICBcICAgJ
      w0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuJyAgLicgICAuJyAgICBfICAgIC4tLiAgICAgICAgLyBgLi8gIDoNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nICAuJyAgIC4nICAuLS
      0nIGAuICB8ICBcICB8YC4gfCAgICAgLicNCiAgICAgICAgICAgIF8uJyAgLicgICAuJyBgLicgICAgICAgYC0nICAgXCAvIHwuJyAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICB
      fLicgIC4tJyAgIC4nICAgICBgLS4gICAgICAgICAgICBgICAgICAgLicNCiAgICAgICAuJyAgIC4nICAgIC4nICAgICAgICAgIGAtLi5fIF8gXyBfIC4tLiAg
      ICA6DQogICAgICAvICAgIC9vIF8uLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuLS0nICAgLicgICBcICAgfA0KICAgIC4nLS5fXy4uLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAvL
      i4gICAgLmAgICAgLyAuJw0KICAuJyAgIC4gJyAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgLy4nLy4nICAgICAvICB8DQogYC0tLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC
      AgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIF8uJyAgICcNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC8uJyAgICAuJw0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICA
      gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC8uJy8uJyc=
"@

$stringGoose = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64Goose))


<#
      https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526
      Stores the Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman group # 18
      This prime number is generated using the following algorithm 2^8192 - 2^8128 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^8062 pi] + 4743158 }
      The prime number is stored in hexadecimal separated into 6 byte chunks (the last element is only 4 bytes) for readability
      MODP Groups consists of the modular exponent (very large prime number) and the generator (2)
#>
$primeArray = @(
      'FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1',
      '29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD',
      'EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245',
      'E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED',
      'EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D',
      'C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F',
      '83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D',
      '670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B',
      'E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9',
      'DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510',
      '15728E5A 8AAAC42D AD33170D 04507A33 A85521AB DF1CBA64',
      'ECFB8504 58DBEF0A 8AEA7157 5D060C7D B3970F85 A6E1E4C7',
      'ABF5AE8C DB0933D7 1E8C94E0 4A25619D CEE3D226 1AD2EE6B',
      'F12FFA06 D98A0864 D8760273 3EC86A64 521F2B18 177B200C',
      'BBE11757 7A615D6C 770988C0 BAD946E2 08E24FA0 74E5AB31',
      '43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A9210801 1A723C12 A787E6D7',
      '88719A10 BDBA5B26 99C32718 6AF4E23C 1A946834 B6150BDA',
      '2583E9CA 2AD44CE8 DBBBC2DB 04DE8EF9 2E8EFC14 1FBECAA6',
      '287C5947 4E6BC05D 99B2964F A090C3A2 233BA186 515BE7ED',
      '1F612970 CEE2D7AF B81BDD76 2170481C D0069127 D5B05AA9',
      '93B4EA98 8D8FDDC1 86FFB7DC 90A6C08F 4DF435C9 34028492',
      '36C3FAB4 D27C7026 C1D4DCB2 602646DE C9751E76 3DBA37BD',
      'F8FF9406 AD9E530E E5DB382F 413001AE B06A53ED 9027D831',
      '179727B0 865A8918 DA3EDBEB CF9B14ED 44CE6CBA CED4BB1B',
      'DB7F1447 E6CC254B 33205151 2BD7AF42 6FB8F401 378CD2BF',
      '5983CA01 C64B92EC F032EA15 D1721D03 F482D7CE 6E74FEF6',
      'D55E702F 46980C82 B5A84031 900B1C9E 59E7C97F BEC7E8F3',
      '23A97A7E 36CC88BE 0F1D45B7 FF585AC5 4BD407B2 2B4154AA',
      'CC8F6D7E BF48E1D8 14CC5ED2 0F8037E0 A79715EE F29BE328',
      '06A1D58B B7C5DA76 F550AA3D 8A1FBFF0 EB19CCB1 A313D55C',
      'DA56C9EC 2EF29632 387FE8D7 6E3C0468 043E8F66 3F4860EE',
      '12BF2D5B 0B7474D6 E694F91E 6DBE1159 74A3926F 12FEE5E4',
      '38777CB6 A932DF8C D8BEC4D0 73B931BA 3BC832B6 8D9DD300',
      '741FA7BF 8AFC47ED 2576F693 6BA42466 3AAB639C 5AE4F568',
      '3423B474 2BF1C978 238F16CB E39D652D E3FDB8BE FC848AD9',
      '22222E04 A4037C07 13EB57A8 1A23F0C7 3473FC64 6CEA306B',
      '4BCBC886 2F8385DD FA9D4B7F A2C087E8 79683303 ED5BDD3A',
      '062B3CF5 B3A278A6 6D2A13F8 3F44F82D DF310EE0 74AB6A36',
      '4597E899 A0255DC1 64F31CC5 0846851D F9AB4819 5DED7EA1',
      'B1D510BD 7EE74D73 FAF36BC3 1ECFA268 359046F4 EB879F92',
      '4009438B 481C6CD7 889A002E D5EE382B C9190DA6 FC026E47',
      '9558E447 5677E9AA 9E3050E2 765694DF C81F56E8 80B96E71',
      '60C980DD 98EDD3DF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF'
)

# Joins each element of the array into a single String
$joinedPrimeArray = $([String]::Join("", $primeArray)).Replace(' ', '')

# You must prefix the prime array with a 0 to denote a positive number, because of Microsoft's implementation of the BigInteger.Parse() in regards to hex - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd268285.aspx
$joinedPrimeArray = '0' + $joinedPrimeArray

# Converts the string representation of a number to its BigInteger equivalent and specifies the number styles to use (hex) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd268285(v=vs.110).aspx
$prime = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::Parse($joinedPrimeArray, $([System.Globalization.NumberStyles]::AllowHexSpecifier))


Function Invoke-KeyGeneration {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
            [String] $Directory
      )

      $keys = @{}

      # Generates the key pair and stores them in the $keys hashtable
      $keyArray = New-KeyPair
      [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $keys.PublicKey = $keyArray[0]
      [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $keys.PrivateKey = $keyArray[1]

      # Generates the encryption key and stores it in the hashtable
      [Byte[]] $keys.EncryptionKey = Get-EncryptionKey -publicKey $keyArray[0] -privateKey $keyArray[1]

      return $keys
}


Function New-KeyPair {
      # Creates two byte arrays that are 32 bytes in length and then converts all 32 elements of each array to the value of 0
      [Byte[]] $firstKeyBytes = 0..31 | % {0}
      [Byte[]] $secondKeyBytes = 0..31 | % {0}


      # Implements a cryptographic Random Number Generator (RNG) using the implementation provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider(v=vs.110).aspx
      $randomNumberGenerator = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider

      # Fills the byte arrays with a cryptographically strong sequence of random nonzero 1-byte values (1-255) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider.getnonzerobytes(v=vs.110).aspx
      $randomNumberGenerator.GetNonZeroBytes($firstKeyBytes)
      $randomNumberGenerator.GetNonZeroBytes($secondKeyBytes)

      # Used to release unmanaged resources - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.idisposable.dispose(v=vs.110).aspx
      $randomNumberGenerator.Dispose()


      # Converts the byte arrays to BigIntegers.  The first byte in the byte array will also denote positive (1-127) or negative (128-255)
      [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $firstKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::New($firstKeyBytes)
      [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $secondKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::New($secondKeyBytes)

      # If the BigInteger keys are negative multiply them by -1 to make them positive as a positive non zero number is required by the ModPow method
      if($firstKey -lt 0) {
            $firstKey = $firstKey * -1
      }
      if($secondKey -lt 0) {
            $secondKey = $secondKey * -1
      }


      # Performs modulus division ($prime) on a number (2) raised to the power of another number ($firstKey)
      # (2 ^ $firstKey) % $prime - essentially iterating over the $prime number, 2^$firstKey times and return resulting value
      $publicKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::ModPow(2, $firstKey, $prime)

      # The second key that was generated will be used as the private key to be used in combination with the public key when generating the encryption string
      $privateKey = $secondKey


      return @($publicKey, $privateKey)
}


Function Get-EncryptionKey {
      Param(
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $publicKey,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $privateKey

      )

      # Creates an encryption key by taking your public key to the power of your private key and modulates over $prime and returns a BigInteger
      $encryptionKeyInteger = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::ModPow($publicKey, $privateKey, $prime)

      # Converts the BigInteger to a byte array
      [Byte[]] $encryptionKeyArray = $encryptionKeyInteger.ToByteArray()


      # Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) implementation of the SHA256 algorithm
      $hashProvider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider

      # Overloads the ComputeHash() method with the byte array input and computes the hash value using SHA256 returning a different byte array, 32 bytes in length (256 bits / 8 bytes = 32 bytes)
      [Byte[]] $encryptionKey = $hashProvider.ComputeHash($encryptionKeyArray)


      return $encryptionKey
}


Function ConvertTo-EncryptedPassword {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [Byte[]] $EncryptionKey
      )

      # Tests to see if the variable $EncryptionKey exists and is the type Byte[]
      if ($EncryptionKey -ne $null -AND $EncryptionKey.GetType().Name -eq 'Byte[]') {
            Write-Host 'Enter the password that you would like to use.'

            # Reads the password entered by the user from the console and stores it as a secure string
            $securePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString

            # Converts the secure string to an encrypted standard string using the provided $EncryptionKey byte array as the key
            $encryptedPassword = $securePassword | ConvertFrom-SecureString -Key $EncryptionKey

            # Marks the variable for garbage collection
            Remove-Variable 'EncryptionKey'

            # Runs the garbage collector
            [System.GC]::Collect()
      }

      return $encryptedPassword
}


Function Write-EncryptedPassword {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [String] $EncryptedPassword,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath
      )

      # Tests to see if the path provided exists
      if ($OutPath.Exists -eq $false) {
            New-Item $OutPath -Type Directory -ErrorAction 'SilentlyContinue'
      }

      # Generates a random file name to store the encrypted password in to avoid using password.txt (Yay security through obscurity!)
      $OutFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName()

      $encryptedPasswordFile = [System.IO.Path]::Combine($OutPath, $OutFileName)


      if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
            # Writes the goose data to the $encryptedPasswordFile
            $stringGoose | Out-File $encryptedPasswordFile

            # Adds the encrypted password string as an alternate data stream to the $encryptedPasswordFile
            Add-Content -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Value $encryptedPassword -Stream 'goose'
      } else {
            # Writes the encrypted password string to the $encryptedPasswordFile
            $encryptedPassword | Out-File $encryptedPasswordFile
      }

      Set-ItemProperty -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true
      #Set-ItemProperty -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Name Hidden -Value $true

      return $encryptedPasswordFile
}


Function Write-PublicKey {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PublicKey,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
            [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath
      )

      # Tests to see if the path provided exists
      if ($OutPath.Exists -eq $false) {
            New-Item $OutPath -Type Directory -ErrorAction 'SilentlyContinue'
      }

      # Generates a random file name to store the encrypted password in to avoid using password.txt (Yay security through obscurity!)
      $OutFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName()

      $publicKeyFile = [System.IO.Path]::Combine($OutPath, $OutFileName)


      if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
            # Writes goose data to the $publicKeyFile
            $stringGoose | Out-File $publicKeyFile

            # Adds the public key BigInteger as an alternate data stream to the publicKeyFile
            Add-Content -Path $publicKeyFile -Value $PublicKey -Stream 'goose'
      } else {
            # Writes the public key to the $publicKeyFile
            $publicKey | Out-File $publicKeyFile
      }

      Set-ItemProperty -Path $publicKeyFile -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true
      #Set-ItemProperty -Path $publicKeyFile -Name Hidden -Value $true

      return $publicKeyFile
}


Function Read-EncryptedPassword {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [String] $PasswordFile
      )


      #TODO - Add Alternate Data Stream support
      if (Test-Path $PasswordFile) {
            $encryptedPassword = Get-Content $PasswordFile
      }

      return $encryptedPassword
}


Function Read-PublicKey {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [String] $PublicKeyFile
      )


      if (Test-Path $PublicKeyFile) {
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $publicKey = Get-Content $PublicKeyFile
      }

      return $publicKey
}


Function ConvertFrom-EncryptedPassword {
      Param (
            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [String] $EncryptedPassword,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PublicKey,

            [Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
            [System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PrivateKey
      )

      # Gets the encryption key from the public and private keys
      $encryptionKey = Get-EncryptionKey -publicKey $PublicKey -privateKey $PrivateKey

      # Converts the encrypted string password into a System.Security.SecureString object
      $securedPassword = $encryptedPassword | ConvertTo-SecureString -Key $encryptionKey

      # Marks the following variables for garbage collection
      Remove-Variable 'encryptedPassword'
      Remove-Variable 'encryptionKey'
      Remove-Variable 'PublicKey'
      Remove-Variable 'PrivateKey'

      # Runs the garbage collector
      [System.GC]::Collect()

      return $securedPassword
}


Function Test-Script {
      if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
            [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath = "$home\tmp"
      } else {
            [System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath = "$home/tmp"
      }


      $test = Invoke-KeyGeneration

      $test.EncryptedPassword = ConvertTo-EncryptedPassword -EncryptionKey $test.EncryptionKey
      $test.SecuredPassword = ConvertFrom-EncryptedPassword -EncryptedPassword $test.EncryptedPassword -PublicKey $test.PublicKey -PrivateKey $test.PrivateKey
      $test.EncryptedPasswordFile = Write-EncryptedPassword -EncryptedPassword $test.EncryptedPassword -OutPath $OutPath
      $test.PublicKeyFile = Write-PublicKey -PublicKey $test.PublicKey -OutPath $OutPath

      Write-Host "`n`nPUBLIC KEY:`n$($test.PublicKey)"
      Write-Host "`n`nPRIVATE KEY:`n$($test.PrivateKey)"
      Write-Host "`n`nENCRYPTION KEY:`n$($test.EncryptionKey)"
      Write-Host "`n`nENCRYPTED PASSWORD FILE:`n$($test.EncryptedPasswordFile)"
      Write-Host "`n`nPUBLIC KEY FILE:`n$($test.PublicKeyFile)"
}

Test-Script
	#TODO - Set the hidden attribute for the stored files
	#TODO - Set ACL permissions for Linux / Windows for stored files

	# Used to pad the files that store the PublicKey and EncryptedPassword Alternate Data Streams
	$base64Goose = @"
	JyxhZFBQWWIsZDggICxhZFBQWWJhLCAgICxhZFBQWWJhLCAgLGFkUFBZYmEsICAsYWRQUFliYSwNCmE4IiAgICBgWTg4IGE4IiAgICAgIjhhIGE4IiAgICAgI
	jhhIEk4WyAgICAiIiBhOFBfX19fXzg4ICANCjhiICAgICAgIDg4IDhiICAgICAgIGQ4IDhiICAgICAgIGQ4ICBgIlk4YmEsICA4UFAiIiIiIiIiICANCiI4YS
	wgICAsZDg4ICI4YSwgICAsYTgiICI4YSwgICAsYTgiIGFhICAgIF04SSAiOGIsICAgLGFhICANCiBgIlliYmRQIlk4ICBgIlliYmRQIicgICBgIlliYmRQIic
	gIGAiWWJiZFAiJyAgYCJZYmJkOCInICANCiBhYSwgICAgLDg4ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICANCiAgIlk4
	YmJkUCIgICAgICAgICAgIA0KDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXy4uLi0tLg0KICAgI
	CAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIF9fX19fLi4uLi4uLS0tLScgICAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC
	AgICAgXy4uLScnICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICA
	uLw0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgXy4tLS5fLicgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nIHwNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4tJyAg
	ICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4tLicgIC8NCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuJyAgIF8uLS4gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuICBcICAgJ
	w0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuJyAgLicgICAuJyAgICBfICAgIC4tLiAgICAgICAgLyBgLi8gIDoNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC4nICAuJyAgIC4nICAuLS
	0nIGAuICB8ICBcICB8YC4gfCAgICAgLicNCiAgICAgICAgICAgIF8uJyAgLicgICAuJyBgLicgICAgICAgYC0nICAgXCAvIHwuJyAgIC4nDQogICAgICAgICB
	fLicgIC4tJyAgIC4nICAgICBgLS4gICAgICAgICAgICBgICAgICAgLicNCiAgICAgICAuJyAgIC4nICAgIC4nICAgICAgICAgIGAtLi5fIF8gXyBfIC4tLiAg
	ICA6DQogICAgICAvICAgIC9vIF8uLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAuLS0nICAgLicgICBcICAgfA0KICAgIC4nLS5fXy4uLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAvL
	i4gICAgLmAgICAgLyAuJw0KICAuJyAgIC4gJyAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgLy4nLy4nICAgICAvICB8DQogYC0tLScgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC
	AgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIF8uJyAgICcNCiAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC8uJyAgICAuJw0KICAgICAgICAgICAgICA
	gICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgICAgIC8uJy8uJyc=
	"@

	$stringGoose = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8.GetString([System.Convert]::FromBase64String($base64Goose))


	<#
	https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3526
	Stores the Modular Exponential (MODP) Diffie-Hellman group # 18
	This prime number is generated using the following algorithm 2^8192 - 2^8128 - 1 + 2^64 * { [2^8062 pi] + 4743158 }
	The prime number is stored in hexadecimal separated into 6 byte chunks (the last element is only 4 bytes) for readability
	MODP Groups consists of the modular exponent (very large prime number) and the generator (2)
	#>
	$primeArray = @(
	'FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF C90FDAA2 2168C234 C4C6628B 80DC1CD1',
	'29024E08 8A67CC74 020BBEA6 3B139B22 514A0879 8E3404DD',
	'EF9519B3 CD3A431B 302B0A6D F25F1437 4FE1356D 6D51C245',
	'E485B576 625E7EC6 F44C42E9 A637ED6B 0BFF5CB6 F406B7ED',
	'EE386BFB 5A899FA5 AE9F2411 7C4B1FE6 49286651 ECE45B3D',
	'C2007CB8 A163BF05 98DA4836 1C55D39A 69163FA8 FD24CF5F',
	'83655D23 DCA3AD96 1C62F356 208552BB 9ED52907 7096966D',
	'670C354E 4ABC9804 F1746C08 CA18217C 32905E46 2E36CE3B',
	'E39E772C 180E8603 9B2783A2 EC07A28F B5C55DF0 6F4C52C9',
	'DE2BCBF6 95581718 3995497C EA956AE5 15D22618 98FA0510',
	'15728E5A 8AAAC42D AD33170D 04507A33 A85521AB DF1CBA64',
	'ECFB8504 58DBEF0A 8AEA7157 5D060C7D B3970F85 A6E1E4C7',
	'ABF5AE8C DB0933D7 1E8C94E0 4A25619D CEE3D226 1AD2EE6B',
	'F12FFA06 D98A0864 D8760273 3EC86A64 521F2B18 177B200C',
	'BBE11757 7A615D6C 770988C0 BAD946E2 08E24FA0 74E5AB31',
	'43DB5BFC E0FD108E 4B82D120 A9210801 1A723C12 A787E6D7',
	'88719A10 BDBA5B26 99C32718 6AF4E23C 1A946834 B6150BDA',
	'2583E9CA 2AD44CE8 DBBBC2DB 04DE8EF9 2E8EFC14 1FBECAA6',
	'287C5947 4E6BC05D 99B2964F A090C3A2 233BA186 515BE7ED',
	'1F612970 CEE2D7AF B81BDD76 2170481C D0069127 D5B05AA9',
	'93B4EA98 8D8FDDC1 86FFB7DC 90A6C08F 4DF435C9 34028492',
	'36C3FAB4 D27C7026 C1D4DCB2 602646DE C9751E76 3DBA37BD',
	'F8FF9406 AD9E530E E5DB382F 413001AE B06A53ED 9027D831',
	'179727B0 865A8918 DA3EDBEB CF9B14ED 44CE6CBA CED4BB1B',
	'DB7F1447 E6CC254B 33205151 2BD7AF42 6FB8F401 378CD2BF',
	'5983CA01 C64B92EC F032EA15 D1721D03 F482D7CE 6E74FEF6',
	'D55E702F 46980C82 B5A84031 900B1C9E 59E7C97F BEC7E8F3',
	'23A97A7E 36CC88BE 0F1D45B7 FF585AC5 4BD407B2 2B4154AA',
	'CC8F6D7E BF48E1D8 14CC5ED2 0F8037E0 A79715EE F29BE328',
	'06A1D58B B7C5DA76 F550AA3D 8A1FBFF0 EB19CCB1 A313D55C',
	'DA56C9EC 2EF29632 387FE8D7 6E3C0468 043E8F66 3F4860EE',
	'12BF2D5B 0B7474D6 E694F91E 6DBE1159 74A3926F 12FEE5E4',
	'38777CB6 A932DF8C D8BEC4D0 73B931BA 3BC832B6 8D9DD300',
	'741FA7BF 8AFC47ED 2576F693 6BA42466 3AAB639C 5AE4F568',
	'3423B474 2BF1C978 238F16CB E39D652D E3FDB8BE FC848AD9',
	'22222E04 A4037C07 13EB57A8 1A23F0C7 3473FC64 6CEA306B',
	'4BCBC886 2F8385DD FA9D4B7F A2C087E8 79683303 ED5BDD3A',
	'062B3CF5 B3A278A6 6D2A13F8 3F44F82D DF310EE0 74AB6A36',
	'4597E899 A0255DC1 64F31CC5 0846851D F9AB4819 5DED7EA1',
	'B1D510BD 7EE74D73 FAF36BC3 1ECFA268 359046F4 EB879F92',
	'4009438B 481C6CD7 889A002E D5EE382B C9190DA6 FC026E47',
	'9558E447 5677E9AA 9E3050E2 765694DF C81F56E8 80B96E71',
	'60C980DD 98EDD3DF FFFFFFFF FFFFFFFF'
	)

	# Joins each element of the array into a single String
	$joinedPrimeArray = $([String]::Join("", $primeArray)).Replace(' ', '')

	# You must prefix the prime array with a 0 to denote a positive number, because of Microsoft's implementation of the BigInteger.Parse() in regards to hex - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd268285.aspx
	$joinedPrimeArray = '0' + $joinedPrimeArray

	# Converts the string representation of a number to its BigInteger equivalent and specifies the number styles to use (hex) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd268285(v=vs.110).aspx
	$prime = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::Parse($joinedPrimeArray, $([System.Globalization.NumberStyles]::AllowHexSpecifier))


	Function Invoke-KeyGeneration {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
	[String] $Directory
	)

	$keys = @{}

	# Generates the key pair and stores them in the $keys hashtable
	$keyArray = New-KeyPair
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $keys.PublicKey = $keyArray[0]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $keys.PrivateKey = $keyArray[1]

	# Generates the encryption key and stores it in the hashtable
	[Byte[]] $keys.EncryptionKey = Get-EncryptionKey -publicKey $keyArray[0] -privateKey $keyArray[1]

	return $keys
	}


	Function New-KeyPair {
	# Creates two byte arrays that are 32 bytes in length and then converts all 32 elements of each array to the value of 0
	[Byte[]] $firstKeyBytes = 0..31 \| % {0}
	[Byte[]] $secondKeyBytes = 0..31 \| % {0}


	# Implements a cryptographic Random Number Generator (RNG) using the implementation provided by the cryptographic service provider (CSP) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider(v=vs.110).aspx
	$randomNumberGenerator = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.RNGCryptoServiceProvider

	# Fills the byte arrays with a cryptographically strong sequence of random nonzero 1-byte values (1-255) - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.security.cryptography.rngcryptoserviceprovider.getnonzerobytes(v=vs.110).aspx
	$randomNumberGenerator.GetNonZeroBytes($firstKeyBytes)
	$randomNumberGenerator.GetNonZeroBytes($secondKeyBytes)

	# Used to release unmanaged resources - https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.idisposable.dispose(v=vs.110).aspx
	$randomNumberGenerator.Dispose()


	# Converts the byte arrays to BigIntegers. The first byte in the byte array will also denote positive (1-127) or negative (128-255)
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $firstKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::New($firstKeyBytes)
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $secondKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::New($secondKeyBytes)

	# If the BigInteger keys are negative multiply them by -1 to make them positive as a positive non zero number is required by the ModPow method
	if($firstKey -lt 0) {
	$firstKey = $firstKey * -1
	}
	if($secondKey -lt 0) {
	$secondKey = $secondKey * -1
	}


	# Performs modulus division ($prime) on a number (2) raised to the power of another number ($firstKey)
	# (2 ^ $firstKey) % $prime - essentially iterating over the $prime number, 2^$firstKey times and return resulting value
	$publicKey = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::ModPow(2, $firstKey, $prime)

	# The second key that was generated will be used as the private key to be used in combination with the public key when generating the encryption string
	$privateKey = $secondKey


	return @($publicKey, $privateKey)
	}


	Function Get-EncryptionKey {
	Param(
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $publicKey,

	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $privateKey

	)

	# Creates an encryption key by taking your public key to the power of your private key and modulates over $prime and returns a BigInteger
	$encryptionKeyInteger = [System.Numerics.BigInteger]::ModPow($publicKey, $privateKey, $prime)

	# Converts the BigInteger to a byte array
	[Byte[]] $encryptionKeyArray = $encryptionKeyInteger.ToByteArray()


	# Defines a wrapper object to access the cryptographic service provider (CSP) implementation of the SHA256 algorithm
	$hashProvider = New-Object System.Security.Cryptography.SHA256CryptoServiceProvider

	# Overloads the ComputeHash() method with the byte array input and computes the hash value using SHA256 returning a different byte array, 32 bytes in length (256 bits / 8 bytes = 32 bytes)
	[Byte[]] $encryptionKey = $hashProvider.ComputeHash($encryptionKeyArray)


	return $encryptionKey
	}


	Function ConvertTo-EncryptedPassword {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[Byte[]] $EncryptionKey
	)

	# Tests to see if the variable $EncryptionKey exists and is the type Byte[]
	if ($EncryptionKey -ne $null -AND $EncryptionKey.GetType().Name -eq 'Byte[]') {
	Write-Host 'Enter the password that you would like to use.'

	# Reads the password entered by the user from the console and stores it as a secure string
	$securePassword = Read-Host -AsSecureString

	# Converts the secure string to an encrypted standard string using the provided $EncryptionKey byte array as the key
	$encryptedPassword = $securePassword \| ConvertFrom-SecureString -Key $EncryptionKey

	# Marks the variable for garbage collection
	Remove-Variable 'EncryptionKey'

	# Runs the garbage collector
	[System.GC]::Collect()
	}

	return $encryptedPassword
	}


	Function Write-EncryptedPassword {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[String] $EncryptedPassword,

	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath
	)

	# Tests to see if the path provided exists
	if ($OutPath.Exists -eq $false) {
	New-Item $OutPath -Type Directory -ErrorAction 'SilentlyContinue'
	}

	# Generates a random file name to store the encrypted password in to avoid using password.txt (Yay security through obscurity!)
	$OutFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName()

	$encryptedPasswordFile = [System.IO.Path]::Combine($OutPath, $OutFileName)


	if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
	# Writes the goose data to the $encryptedPasswordFile
	$stringGoose \| Out-File $encryptedPasswordFile

	# Adds the encrypted password string as an alternate data stream to the $encryptedPasswordFile
	Add-Content -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Value $encryptedPassword -Stream 'goose'
	} else {
	# Writes the encrypted password string to the $encryptedPasswordFile
	$encryptedPassword \| Out-File $encryptedPasswordFile
	}

	Set-ItemProperty -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true
	#Set-ItemProperty -Path $encryptedPasswordFile -Name Hidden -Value $true

	return $encryptedPasswordFile
	}


	Function Write-PublicKey {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PublicKey,

	[Parameter(Mandatory=$false)]
	[System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath
	)

	# Tests to see if the path provided exists
	if ($OutPath.Exists -eq $false) {
	New-Item $OutPath -Type Directory -ErrorAction 'SilentlyContinue'
	}

	# Generates a random file name to store the encrypted password in to avoid using password.txt (Yay security through obscurity!)
	$OutFileName = [System.IO.Path]::GetRandomFileName()

	$publicKeyFile = [System.IO.Path]::Combine($OutPath, $OutFileName)


	if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
	# Writes goose data to the $publicKeyFile
	$stringGoose \| Out-File $publicKeyFile

	# Adds the public key BigInteger as an alternate data stream to the publicKeyFile
	Add-Content -Path $publicKeyFile -Value $PublicKey -Stream 'goose'
	} else {
	# Writes the public key to the $publicKeyFile
	$publicKey \| Out-File $publicKeyFile
	}

	Set-ItemProperty -Path $publicKeyFile -Name IsReadOnly -Value $true
	#Set-ItemProperty -Path $publicKeyFile -Name Hidden -Value $true

	return $publicKeyFile
	}


	Function Read-EncryptedPassword {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[String] $PasswordFile
	)


	#TODO - Add Alternate Data Stream support
	if (Test-Path $PasswordFile) {
	$encryptedPassword = Get-Content $PasswordFile
	}

	return $encryptedPassword
	}


	Function Read-PublicKey {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[String] $PublicKeyFile
	)


	if (Test-Path $PublicKeyFile) {
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $publicKey = Get-Content $PublicKeyFile
	}

	return $publicKey
	}


	Function ConvertFrom-EncryptedPassword {
	Param (
	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[String] $EncryptedPassword,

	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PublicKey,

	[Parameter(Mandatory=$true)]
	[System.Numerics.BigInteger] $PrivateKey
	)

	# Gets the encryption key from the public and private keys
	$encryptionKey = Get-EncryptionKey -publicKey $PublicKey -privateKey $PrivateKey

	# Converts the encrypted string password into a System.Security.SecureString object
	$securedPassword = $encryptedPassword \| ConvertTo-SecureString -Key $encryptionKey

	# Marks the following variables for garbage collection
	Remove-Variable 'encryptedPassword'
	Remove-Variable 'encryptionKey'
	Remove-Variable 'PublicKey'
	Remove-Variable 'PrivateKey'

	# Runs the garbage collector
	[System.GC]::Collect()

	return $securedPassword
	}


	Function Test-Script {
	if ($PSVersionTable.Platform -ne 'Unix') {
	[System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath = "$home\tmp"
	} else {
	[System.IO.DirectoryInfo] $OutPath = "$home/tmp"
	}


	$test = Invoke-KeyGeneration

	$test.EncryptedPassword = ConvertTo-EncryptedPassword -EncryptionKey $test.EncryptionKey
	$test.SecuredPassword = ConvertFrom-EncryptedPassword -EncryptedPassword $test.EncryptedPassword -PublicKey $test.PublicKey -PrivateKey $test.PrivateKey
	$test.EncryptedPasswordFile = Write-EncryptedPassword -EncryptedPassword $test.EncryptedPassword -OutPath $OutPath
	$test.PublicKeyFile = Write-PublicKey -PublicKey $test.PublicKey -OutPath $OutPath

	Write-Host "`n`nPUBLIC KEY:`n$($test.PublicKey)"
	Write-Host "`n`nPRIVATE KEY:`n$($test.PrivateKey)"
	Write-Host "`n`nENCRYPTION KEY:`n$($test.EncryptionKey)"
	Write-Host "`n`nENCRYPTED PASSWORD FILE:`n$($test.EncryptedPasswordFile)"
	Write-Host "`n`nPUBLIC KEY FILE:`n$($test.PublicKeyFile)"
	}

	Test-Script