Kood postitusest http://pungas.ee/kolm-lihtsat-reeglit-minu-teismelise-graafikuga-kohtamiseks/

pahad-graafikud.r

# Autor: Taivo Pungas (github.com/taivop)
# Litsents: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)
library(reshape2)
library(opendata.ee)

dfs <- data_fin_struktuuritoetus()

data <- dfs %>%
  mutate(projekti_algus = as.Date(projekti_algus, "%d.%m.%Y")) %>%
  mutate(aastakuu=as.Date(format(projekti_algus, "%Y-%m-01"), "%Y-%m-%d")) %>%
  group_by(aastakuu) %>%
  summarise(toetuste_summa=sum(projekti_toetus),
            projektide_arv=n())

correct_label_x <- xlab("Projekti algusaeg")
correct_label_y <- ylab("Rahastatud projektide arv [projekte/kuu]")
correct_title <- ggtitle("EL struktuurifondidest rahastatud projektide arv 2004-2015")
correct_theme <- theme_bw() +
  theme(panel.grid.minor=element_blank(),
        text=element_text(size=16))

# ---- Nice graph ----
ggplot(data) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv)) +
  correct_label_x + correct_label_y + correct_title +
  correct_theme

# ---- No axis labels ----
ggplot(data) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv), size=1) +
  xlab("") + ylab("") + correct_title +
  correct_theme
ggsave("graphs/no_labels.svg", width=16, height=9)

# ---- Overloaded with information ----
data2 <- dfs %>%
  mutate(projekti_algus = as.Date(projekti_algus, "%d.%m.%Y")) %>%
  mutate(aastakuu=as.Date(format(projekti_algus, "%Y-%m-01"), "%Y-%m-%d")) %>%
  group_by(aastakuu, projekti_maakond) %>%
  summarise(toetuste_summa=sum(projekti_toetus),
            projektide_arv=n()) %>%
  mutate(Maakond=projekti_maakond)
ggplot(data2) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv,
                color=Maakond), size=1) +
  correct_label_x + correct_label_y + 
  ggtitle("EL struktuurifondidest rahastatud projektide arv maakondade kaupa, 2004-2015") +
  correct_theme
ggsave("graphs/overloaded_info.svg", width=16, height=9)

g_split <- ggplot(data2) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv,
                color=Maakond), size=1) +
  correct_label_x + correct_label_y + 
  ggtitle("EL struktuurifondidest rahastatud projektide arv maakondade kaupa, 2004-2015") +
  facet_wrap(~Maakond, ncol=3) +
  correct_theme +
  theme(legend.position="none")
g_split
ggsave("graphs/overloaded_info_split.svg", width=16, height=32)

g_split_rescaled <-
  ggplot(data2) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv,
                color=Maakond), size=1) +
  correct_label_x + correct_label_y + 
  ggtitle("EL struktuurifondidest rahastatud projektide arv maakondade kaupa, 2004-2015") +
  facet_wrap(~Maakond, ncol=3, scales="free_y") +
  correct_theme +
  theme(legend.position="none")
g_split_rescaled
ggsave("graphs/overloaded_info_split_rescaled.svg", width=16, height=32)

# ---- Overloaded with elements ----
ggplot(data) +
  geom_line(aes(x=aastakuu, y=projektide_arv)) +
  correct_label_x + correct_label_y + correct_title +
  correct_theme +
  theme(panel.grid.minor=element_line(color="black"),
        panel.grid.major=element_line(color="black"),
        text=element_text(family="Didot"))
ggsave("graphs/overloaded_elements.svg", width=16, height=9)

# ---- Axes cut off misleadingly ----
# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita
countries <- c("Eesti", "Poola", "Läti", "Kreeka", "Ungari", "Venemaa")
gdps <- c(28650, 26499, 24652, 26391, 26275, 25965)
data3 <- data.frame(Country=countries, GDP_PPP=gdps)

g_gdp <- ggplot(data3) +
  geom_bar(aes(x=Country, y=GDP_PPP, fill=Country), stat="identity") +
  correct_theme + ylab("SKP ostujõu pariteedi alusel [$]") + xlab("Riik") +
  theme(legend.position="none")
  ggtitle("SKP ostujõu pariteedi alusel inimese kohta, 2015 (IMF andmed)")
g_gdp
ggsave("graphs/cutoffaxis_good.svg", width=16, height=9)

g_gdp +
  coord_cartesian(ylim=c(24000, 30000))
ggsave("graphs/cutoffaxis_bad.svg", width=16, height=9)
ggsave("graphs/cutoffaxis_bad.png", width=16, height=9)


# ---- Sampling frequency ----
years <- seq(1994, 2016, by=4)
revenues <- c(79, 94, 102, 112, 98, 104) * 1000
data4 <- data.frame(Year=years, Revenue=revenues)

g_freq <- ggplot(data4) +
  geom_smooth(aes(x=Year, y=Revenue), size=2, color="blue") +
  ylim(0, NA) +
  ylab("Aastatulu [$]") + xlab("Aasta") +
  correct_theme
g_freq
ggsave("graphs/freq_bad.svg", width=16, height=9)

g_freq +
  geom_point(aes(x=Year, y=Revenue), color="blue", size=3)
ggsave("graphs/freq_better.svg", width=16, height=9)

g_freq_good <- ggplot(data4) +
  geom_line(aes(x=Year, y=Revenue), size=2, color="blue") +
  geom_point(aes(x=Year, y=Revenue), color="blue", size=3) +
  ylim(0, NA) +
  ylab("Aastatulu [$]") + xlab("Aasta") +
  correct_theme
g_freq_good
ggsave("graphs/freq_good.svg", width=16, height=9)


# ---- Tiny example ----
ggplot(data4) +
  geom_line(aes(x=Year, y=Revenue), size=15, color="blue") +
  ylim(as.numeric(c(NA, NA))) +
  xlab("") + ylab("") + ggtitle("") +
  theme(axis.line=element_blank(),axis.text.x=element_blank(),
        axis.text.y=element_blank(),axis.ticks=element_blank(),
        axis.title.x=element_blank(),
        axis.title.y=element_blank(),legend.position="none",
        panel.background=element_blank(),panel.grid.major=element_blank(),
        panel.grid.minor=element_blank(),plot.background=element_blank(),
        panel.border=element_rect(fill=NA, size=10))
ggsave("graphs/tiny.svg", width=16, height=9, dpi=10)