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ALSA PCM application to utilize intermediate buffer inner kernel space
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/version.h>
#include <sound/asound.h>
#define MY_SAMPLE_FORMAT SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
#define MY_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME 2
#define MY_FRAMES_PER_SECOND 48000
#define MY_PLAYBACK_DURATION 1
#define ARRAY_SIZE(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
void print_help(const char *prog_name)
{
printf("%s CDEV\n", prog_name);
printf(" CDEV: The path to ALSA PCM character device.\n");
}
static const char *const class_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_CLASS_GENERIC] = "generic",
[SNDRV_PCM_CLASS_MULTI] = "multi",
[SNDRV_PCM_CLASS_MODEM] = "modem",
[SNDRV_PCM_CLASS_DIGITIZER] = "digitizer"
};
static const char *const subclass_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_GENERIC_MIX] = "generic-mix",
[SNDRV_PCM_SUBCLASS_MULTI_MIX] = "multi-mix"
};
static const char *const direction_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK] = "playback",
[SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE] = "capture"
};
static const char *const param_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS] = "access",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT] = "format",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT] = "subformat",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS] = "sample-bits",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS] = "frame-bits",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS] = "channels",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE] = "rate",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME] = "period-time",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE] = "period-size",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES] = "period-bytes",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS] = "periods",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME] = "buffer-time",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE] = "buffer-size",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES] = "buffer-bytes",
[SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_TICK_TIME] = "tick-time",
};
static const char *const access_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED] = "mmap-interleaved",
[SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED] = "mmap-noninterleaved",
[SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX] = "mmap-complex",
[SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED] = "readwrite-interleaved",
[SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED] = "readwrite-noninterleaved",
};
static const char *const format_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S8] = "s8",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U8] = "u8",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE] = "s16-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE] = "s16-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE] = "u16-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE] = "u16-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE] = "s24-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE] = "s24-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE] = "u24-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE] = "u24-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE] = "s32-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE] = "s32-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE] = "u32-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE] = "u32-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE] = "float-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE] = "float-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE] = "float64-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE] = "float64-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_LE] = "iec958subframe-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IEC958_SUBFRAME_BE] = "iec958subframe-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW] = "mu-law",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW] = "a-law",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM] = "ima-adpcm",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_MPEG] = "mpg",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_GSM] = "gsm",
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(4,16,0)
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_LE] = "s20-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_BE] = "s20-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_LE] = "u20-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_BE] = "u20-be",
#endif
/* Entries for 25-30 are absent. */
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_SPECIAL] = "special",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE] = "s24-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE] = "s24-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE] = "u24-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE] = "u24-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3LE] = "s20-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S20_3BE] = "s20-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3LE] = "u20-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U20_3BE] = "u20-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3LE] = "s18-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_S18_3BE] = "s18-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3LE] = "u18-3le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_U18_3BE] = "u18-3be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24] = "g723-24",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_24_1B] = "g723-241b",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40] = "g723-40",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_G723_40_1B] = "g723-401b",
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(3,10,0)
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8] = "dsd-u8",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE] = "dsd-u16-le",
#endif
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(3,18,0)
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE] = "dsd-u32-le",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_BE] = "dsd-u16-be",
[SNDRV_PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE] = "dsd-u23-be",
#endif
};
static const char *const subformat_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD] = "std",
};
static const char *const flag_labels[] = {
[0] = "noresample",
[1] = "export-buffer",
[2] = "no-period-wakeup",
};
static const char *const info_labels[] = {
[0] = "mmap",
[1] = "mmap-valid",
[2] = "double",
[3] = "batch",
[4] = "interleaved",
[5] = "non-interleaved",
[6] = "complex",
[7] = "block-transfer",
[8] = "overrange",
[9] = "resume",
[10] = "pause",
[11] = "half-duplex",
[12] = "joint-duplex",
[13] = "sync-start",
[14] = "no-period-wakeup",
[15] = "has-wall-clock",
[16] = "has-link-atime",
[17] = "has-link-absolute-atime",
[18] = "has-link-estimated-atime",
[19] = "has-link-synchronized-atime",
/* Does not be disclosed to userspace. */
[20] = "drain-trigger",
[21] = "fifo-in-frames",
};
static const int info_flags[] = {
[0] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP,
[1] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID,
[2] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_DOUBLE,
[3] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BATCH,
[4] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED,
[5] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NONINTERLEAVED,
[6] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_COMPLEX,
[7] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER,
[8] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_OVERRANGE,
[9] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME,
[10] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE,
[11] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HALF_DUPLEX,
[12] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_JOINT_DUPLEX,
[13] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_START,
[14] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_NO_PERIOD_WAKEUP,
[15] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_WALL_CLOCK,
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(4,1,0)
[16] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_LINK_ATIME,
[17] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_LINK_ABSOLUTE_ATIME,
[18] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_LINK_ESTIMATED_ATIME,
[19] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_HAS_LINK_SYNCHRONIZED_ATIME,
#endif
/* Does not be disclosed to userspace. */
#if LINUX_VERSION_CODE >= KERNEL_VERSION(4,0,0)
[20] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_DRAIN_TRIGGER,
#endif
[21] = SNDRV_PCM_INFO_FIFO_IN_FRAMES,
};
static const char *const state_labels[] = {
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_OPEN] = "open",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SETUP] = "setup",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PREPARED] = "prepared",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_RUNNING] = "running",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_XRUN] = "xrun",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DRAINING] = "draining",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_PAUSED] = "paused",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED] = "suspended",
[SNDRV_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED] = "disconnected",
};
static unsigned int get_mask_count(void)
{
return SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK - SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK + 1;
}
static unsigned int get_interval_count(void)
{
return SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL - SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL + 1;
}
static unsigned int mask_index_to_type(unsigned int index)
{
return index + SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK;
}
static unsigned int interval_index_to_type(unsigned int index)
{
return index + SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL;
}
static unsigned int mask_type_to_index(unsigned int type)
{
return type - SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK;
}
static unsigned int interval_type_to_index(unsigned int type)
{
return type - SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL;
}
static struct snd_mask *refer_mask(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, unsigned int type)
{
return &params->masks[mask_type_to_index(type)];
}
static struct snd_interval *refer_interval(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, unsigned int type)
{
return &params->intervals[interval_type_to_index(type)];
}
static void change_mask(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, unsigned int type, unsigned int pos,
bool enable, bool exclusive)
{
unsigned int index = pos / sizeof(params->masks[0].bits[0]);
unsigned int offset = pos % sizeof(params->masks[0].bits[0]);
struct snd_mask *mask = refer_mask(params, type);
if (exclusive) {
int i;
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mask->bits); ++i)
mask->bits[i] = 0x00;
}
mask->bits[index] &= ~(1 << offset);
if (enable)
mask->bits[index] |= (1 << offset);
params->rmask |= 1 << type;
}
static void change_interval(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params, unsigned int type,
unsigned int min, unsigned int max, bool openmin, bool openmax,
bool integer, bool empty)
{
struct snd_interval *interval = refer_interval(params, type);
interval->min = min;
interval->max = max;
interval->openmin = (int)openmin;
interval->openmax = (int)openmax;
interval->integer = (int)integer;
interval->empty = (int)empty;
params->rmask |= 1 << type;
}
static void dump_mask_param(const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
unsigned int type, const char *const labels[],
unsigned int label_entries)
{
const struct snd_mask *mask;
unsigned int index;
int i, j;
if (type < SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_MASK ||
type > SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_MASK ||
type >= ARRAY_SIZE(param_labels))
return;
printf(" %s:\n", param_labels[type]);
mask = refer_mask((struct snd_pcm_hw_params *)hw_params, type);
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(mask->bits); ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < sizeof(mask->bits[0]) * 8; ++j) {
index = i * sizeof(mask->bits[0]) * 8 + j;
if (index >= label_entries)
return;
if ((mask->bits[i] & (1 << j)) && labels[index] != NULL)
printf(" %s\n", labels[index]);
}
}
}
static void dump_interval_param(const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params,
unsigned int type)
{
const struct snd_interval *interval;
if (type < SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FIRST_INTERVAL ||
type > SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_LAST_INTERVAL ||
type >= ARRAY_SIZE(param_labels))
return;
printf(" %s:\n", param_labels[type]);
interval = refer_interval((struct snd_pcm_hw_params *)hw_params, type);
printf(" %c%u, %u%c, ",
interval->openmin ? '(' : '[', interval->min,
interval->max, interval->openmax ? ')' : ']');
if (interval->integer > 0)
printf("integer, ");
if (interval->empty > 0)
printf("empty, ");
printf("\n");
}
static int dump_hw_params_cap(const struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
{
int i;
printf(" Changed parameters:\n");
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(param_labels); ++i) {
if (hw_params->cmask & (1 << i))
printf(" %s\n", param_labels[i]);
}
printf(" Runtime parameters:\n");
dump_mask_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS, access_labels,
ARRAY_SIZE(access_labels));
dump_mask_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, format_labels,
ARRAY_SIZE(format_labels));
dump_mask_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT, subformat_labels,
ARRAY_SIZE(subformat_labels));
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SAMPLE_BITS);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FRAME_BITS);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_TIME);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_TIME);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES);
dump_interval_param(hw_params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_TICK_TIME);
if (hw_params->flags > 0) {
printf(" flags: \n");
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(flag_labels); ++i) {
if (hw_params->flags & (1 << i))
printf(" %s\n", flag_labels[i]);
}
}
printf(" info:\n");
for (i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(info_flags); ++i) {
if (hw_params->info & info_flags[i])
printf(" %s\n", info_labels[i]);
}
if (hw_params->msbits > 0)
printf(" most-significant-bits: %u\n", hw_params->msbits);
if (hw_params->rate_num > 0 && hw_params->rate_den > 0) {
printf(" rate_num: %u\n", hw_params->rate_num);
printf(" rate_den: %u\n", hw_params->rate_den);
}
return 0;
}
static void initialize_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_hw_params *params)
{
unsigned int type;
int i;
for (i = 0; i < get_mask_count(); i++) {
int j;
type = mask_index_to_type(i);
for (j = 0; j < SNDRV_MASK_MAX; ++j)
change_mask(params, type, j, true, false);
}
for (i = 0; i < get_interval_count(); i++) {
type = interval_index_to_type(i);
change_interval(params, type, 0, UINT_MAX, false, false, false, false);
}
params->cmask = 0;
params->info = 0;
}
int configure_hardware(int fd, unsigned int access, snd_pcm_format_t sample_format,
unsigned int samples_per_frame, unsigned int frames_per_second,
unsigned int *frames_per_buffer, unsigned int *frames_per_period)
{
struct snd_pcm_hw_params params = {0};
struct snd_interval *interval;
int err;
initialize_hw_params(&params);
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_REFINE, &params);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request HW_REFINE: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
printf("Available hardware parameters:\n");
dump_hw_params_cap(&params);
change_mask(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_ACCESS, access, true, true);
change_mask(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_FORMAT, sample_format, true, true);
change_mask(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_SUBFORMAT, SNDRV_PCM_SUBFORMAT_STD, true, true);
change_interval(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_CHANNELS, samples_per_frame, samples_per_frame,
false, false, true, false);
change_interval(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_RATE, frames_per_second, frames_per_second,
false, false, true, false);
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_PARAMS, &params);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request HW_PARAMS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
printf("Current hardware parameters:\n");
dump_hw_params_cap(&params);
interval = refer_interval(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_SIZE);
*frames_per_buffer = interval->min;
interval = refer_interval(&params, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_SIZE);
*frames_per_period = interval->min;
return 0;
}
static int configure_software(int fd, unsigned int frames_per_buffer, unsigned int frames_per_period)
{
struct snd_pcm_sw_params params = {0};
int err;
// We can start transmission by hand.
params.start_threshold = frames_per_buffer;
// We should keep frames one third of intermediate buffer to avoid stopping transmission automatically.
params.stop_threshold = frames_per_buffer / 3;
// Relevant to time to wake from poll wait but not used.
params.avail_min = frames_per_period;
// No need to fill with silence frame.
params.silence_threshold = 0;
params.silence_size = 0;
// Timestamping is not required in this program.
params.tstamp_mode = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_NONE;
params.proto = 0;
params.tstamp_type = SNDRV_PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY;
// Nothing in kernel space.
params.period_step = 1;
params.sleep_min = 1;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_SW_PARAMS, &params);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request SW_PARAMS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
return 0;
}
static int prepare_hardware(int fd)
{
struct snd_xferi xfer = {0};
int err;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PREPARE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request PREPARE: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
return 0;
}
static int transfer_frames(int fd, uint8_t *buf, unsigned int frames_per_buffer)
{
unsigned int accumulate_frame_count;
struct snd_pcm_status status = {0};
struct snd_xferi xfer = {0};
bool at_first_iteration;
int err;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS, &status);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request STATUS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
printf("This should be prepared: %s\n", state_labels[status.state]);
// Supply initial frames here.
xfer.result = 0;
xfer.buf = buf;
xfer.frames = frames_per_buffer * 2 / 3;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES, &xfer);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request initial WRITEI_FRAMES: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
accumulate_frame_count = xfer.result;
printf("Initial frames are copied to intermediate buffer: %ld\n", xfer.result);
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS, &status);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request STATUS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
printf("This should be prepared as well: %s\n", state_labels[status.state]);
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_START);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request START: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS, &status);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request STATUS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
printf("This should be running: %s\n", state_labels[status.state]);
at_first_iteration = true;
while (accumulate_frame_count < MY_FRAMES_PER_SECOND * MY_PLAYBACK_DURATION) {
unsigned int rest_of_intermediate_buffer;
unsigned int frames_copied_to_intermediate_buffer;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_STATUS, &status);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request STATUS: %s\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
printf(" State of intermediate buffer:\n");
rest_of_intermediate_buffer = status.avail;
if (at_first_iteration) {
printf(" %lu frames are transferred to device since starting.\n",
status.avail + xfer.result - frames_per_buffer);
at_first_iteration = false;
}
printf(" %u frames are waiting to transfer\n",
frames_per_buffer - rest_of_intermediate_buffer);
// Keep frames as half of intermediate buffer.
xfer.result = 0;
xfer.buf = buf;
xfer.frames = frames_per_buffer / 2;
// This operation can block user process till all of given frames are copied to
// intermediate buffer.
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_WRITEI_FRAMES, &xfer);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request WRITEI_FRAMES: %s\n", strerror(errno));
break;
}
frames_copied_to_intermediate_buffer = (unsigned int)xfer.result;
printf(" %u frames are transferred to device\n",
frames_copied_to_intermediate_buffer - rest_of_intermediate_buffer);
printf(" %u frames are copied from userspace\n", (unsigned int)xfer.result);
accumulate_frame_count += xfer.result;
}
if (err >= 0) {
// For playback direction, need to wait till all of frames in intermediate buffer are
// actually transferred. This blocks the user process.
int e = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_DRAIN);
if (e < 0)
printf("Fail to request DRAIN: %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
printf("%u frames are copied and transferred\n", accumulate_frame_count);
return err;
}
static int free_hardware(int fd)
{
int err;
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_HW_FREE);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request HW_FREE: %s\n", strerror(errno));
return err;
}
return 0;
}
int main(int argc, const char **argv)
{
const char *cdev;
int fd;
int protocol_version;
unsigned int frames_per_buffer;
unsigned int frames_per_period;
uint8_t *buf;
int err;
if (argc < 2) {
print_help(argv[0]);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
cdev = argv[1];
fd = open(cdev, 0);
if (fd < 0) {
printf("Fail to open '%s': %s\n", cdev, strerror(errno));
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
err = ioctl(fd, SNDRV_PCM_IOCTL_PVERSION, &protocol_version);
if (err < 0) {
printf("Fail to request PVERSION: %s\n", strerror(errno));
goto end_open;
}
printf("Current protocol version over PCM interface: %d.%d.%d\n",
SNDRV_PROTOCOL_MAJOR(protocol_version),
SNDRV_PROTOCOL_MINOR(protocol_version),
SNDRV_PROTOCOL_MICRO(protocol_version));
err = configure_hardware(fd, SNDRV_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED,
MY_SAMPLE_FORMAT,
MY_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME,
MY_FRAMES_PER_SECOND,
&frames_per_buffer, &frames_per_period);
if (err < 0)
goto end_open;
err = configure_software(fd, frames_per_buffer, frames_per_period);
if (err < 0)
goto end_open;
buf = calloc(2 * 2, frames_per_buffer);
if (buf == NULL)
goto end_open;
err = prepare_hardware(fd);
if (err < 0)
goto end_buf;
err = transfer_frames(fd, buf, frames_per_buffer);
err = free_hardware(fd);
end_buf:
free(buf);
end_open:
close(fd);
if (err < 0)
return EXIT_FAILURE;
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
@takaswie
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Author

The program dumps configured hardware parameters. In my opinion, you need to report the configurations to the maintainer to get advices.

Current hardware parameters:
  Changed parameters:
    access
    format
  ...

@ryan-mcclue
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ryan-mcclue commented Jul 29, 2021

I have tested using the virtual driver snd-dummy and still get an error which makes me think it may be an application error.
snd-dummy output

Current protocol version over PCM interface: 2.0.15
Available hardware parameters:
  Changed parameters:
    access
    format
    subformat
    sample-bits
    frame-bits
    channels
    rate
    period-time
    period-size
    period-bytes
    periods
    buffer-time
    buffer-size
    buffer-bytes
  Runtime parameters:
    access:
      mmap-interleaved
      readwrite-interleaved
    format:
      u8
      s16-le
    subformat:
      std
    sample-bits:
      [8, 16], integer, 
    frame-bits:
      [8, 32], integer, 
    channels:
      [1, 2], integer, 
    rate:
      [5500, 48000], 
    period-time:
      (333, 11915637), 
    period-size:
      [16, 65536], integer, 
    periods:
      [1, 1024], 
    buffer-time:
      (333, 11915637), 
    buffer-size:
      [16, 65536], integer, 
    buffer-bytes:
      [64, 65536], integer, 
    tick-time:
      [0, 4294967295], 
    info:
      mmap
      mmap-valid
      interleaved
      resume
Current hardware parameters:
  Changed parameters:
    access
    format
    subformat
    sample-bits
    frame-bits
    channels
    rate
    period-time
    period-size
    period-bytes
    periods
    buffer-time
    buffer-size
    buffer-bytes
    tick-time
  Runtime parameters:
    access:
      readwrite-interleaved
    format:
      s16-le
    subformat:
      std
    sample-bits:
      [16, 16], integer, 
    frame-bits:
      [32, 32], integer, 
    channels:
      [2, 2], integer, 
    rate:
      [48000, 48000], integer, 
    period-time:
      (333, 334), 
    period-size:
      [16, 16], integer, 
    periods:
      [1024, 1024], integer, 
    buffer-time:
      (341333, 341334), 
    buffer-size:
      [16384, 16384], integer, 
    buffer-bytes:
      [65536, 65536], integer, 
    tick-time:
      [0, 0], integer, 
    info:
      mmap
      mmap-valid
      interleaved
      resume
      most-significant-bits:    16
      rate_num: 48000
      rate_den: 1
This should be prepared: prepared
Initial frames are copied to intermediate buffer: 10922
This should be prepared as well: xrun
Fail to request START: File descriptor in bad state
Fail to request HW_FREE: File descriptor in bad state

snd-intel-hda output

Current protocol version over PCM interface: 2.0.15
Available hardware parameters:
  Changed parameters:
    access
    format
    subformat
    sample-bits
    frame-bits
    channels
    rate
    period-time
    period-size
    period-bytes
    periods
    buffer-time
    buffer-size
    buffer-bytes
  Runtime parameters:
    access:
      mmap-interleaved
      readwrite-interleaved
    format:
      s16-le
    subformat:
      std
    sample-bits:
      [16, 16], integer, 
    frame-bits:
      [32, 32], integer, 
    channels:
      [2, 2], integer, 
    rate:
      [48000, 192000], 
    period-time:
      (166, 356000000], 
    period-size:
      [32, 17088000], integer, 
    periods:
      [2, 32], integer, 
    buffer-time:
      (333, 178000000], 
    buffer-size:
      [64, 34176000], integer, 
    buffer-bytes:
      [256, 136704000], integer, 
    tick-time:
      [0, 4294967295], 
    info:
      mmap
      mmap-valid
      interleaved
      block-transfer
      pause
      sync-start
      no-period-wakeup
      has-wall-clock
      has-link-atime
      has-link-synchronized-atime
      most-significant-bits:    16
Current hardware parameters:
  Changed parameters:
    access
    format
    subformat
    sample-bits
    frame-bits
    channels
    rate
    period-time
    period-size
    period-bytes
    periods
    buffer-time
    buffer-size
    buffer-bytes
    tick-time
  Runtime parameters:
    access:
      readwrite-interleaved
    format:
      s16-le
    subformat:
      std
    sample-bits:
      [16, 16], integer, 
    frame-bits:
      [32, 32], integer, 
    channels:
      [2, 2], integer, 
    rate:
      [48000, 48000], integer, 
    period-time:
      (666, 667), 
    period-size:
      [32, 32], integer, 
    periods:
      [32, 32], integer, 
    buffer-time:
      (21333, 21334), 
    buffer-size:
      [1024, 1024], integer, 
    buffer-bytes:
      [4096, 4096], integer, 
    tick-time:
      [0, 0], integer, 
    info:
      mmap
      mmap-valid
      interleaved
      block-transfer
      pause
      sync-start
      no-period-wakeup
      has-wall-clock
      has-link-atime
      has-link-synchronized-atime
      most-significant-bits:    16
      rate_num: 48000
      rate_den: 1
This should be prepared: prepared
Initial frames are copied to intermediate buffer: 682
This should be prepared as well: xrun
Fail to request START: File descriptor in bad state
Fail to request HW_FREE: File descriptor in bad state

What driver did you test it on where it worked?

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