ListActivity.java

public class ListActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    PatientController pC;
    ListView pList;
    PatientCursorAdapter pca;
    Patient pat;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_list);

        pList = findViewById(R.id.infoListLV);
        pC = new PatientController(getApplicationContext());

        Cursor c = pC.allPatients();

        pca = new PatientCursorAdapter(this, c, 0);
        pList.setAdapter(pca);
        pca.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.list_activity_toolbar, menu);

        return super.onCreateOptionsMenu(menu);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
        switch (item.getItemId()){
            case R.id.edit:
                List<String> selectedIdsList = pca.getSelectedIdsList();
            
                // recorrer la lista y hacer lo que necesites hacer con esos IDs
            
                return true;

            case R.id.delete:
                List<String> selectedIdsList = pca.getSelectedIdsList();
            
                // recorrer la lista y hacer lo que necesites hacer con esos IDs
            
                return true;
        }
        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }

}

PatientCursorAdapter.java

public class TodoCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {
    
    List<String> selectedIdsList = new ArrayList<>();
    
    public TodoCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor cursor) { 
        // ...
    }

    @Override
    public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
        // ...
    }
    
    @Override
    public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
        Checkbox checkbox = (Checkbox) view.findViewById(R.id.checkbox);
        checkbox.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new OnCheckedChangeListener{
            @Override
            public onChecked(View view, boolean checked) {
                String id = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow("id"));
                if (checked) {
                    selectedIdsList.add(id);
                } else {
                    selectedIdsList.remove(id);
                }
            }
        });
    }
    
    public List<String> getSelectedIdsList() {
        return selectedIdsList;
    }
    
}