tawateer/closing_example.py

## closing_example.py
#/bin/env python

import urllib
import contextlib


with contextlib.closing(urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")) as x:
    print x.code

## contextlib.py
"""contextlib 源码, 放在这里方面查阅理解."""

"""Utilities for with-statement contexts.  See PEP 343."""

import sys
from functools import wraps
from warnings import warn

__all__ = ["contextmanager", "nested", "closing"]

class GeneratorContextManager(object):
    """Helper for @contextmanager decorator."""

    def __init__(self, gen):
        self.gen = gen

    def __enter__(self):
        try:
            return self.gen.next()
        except StopIteration:
            raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield")

    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
        if type is None:
            try:
                self.gen.next()
            except StopIteration:
                return
            else:
                raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop")
        else:
            if value is None:
                # Need to force instantiation so we can reliably
                # tell if we get the same exception back
                value = type()
            try:
                self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
                raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after throw()")
            except StopIteration, exc:
                # Suppress the exception *unless* it's the same exception that
                # was passed to throw().  This prevents a StopIteration
                # raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed
                return exc is not value
            except:
                # only re-raise if it's *not* the exception that was
                # passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise
                # an exception unless __exit__() itself failed.  But throw()
                # has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this
                # fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol
                # and the __exit__() protocol.
                #
                if sys.exc_info()[1] is not value:
                    raise


def contextmanager(func):
    """@contextmanager decorator.

    Typical usage:

        @contextmanager
        def some_generator(<arguments>):
            <setup>
            try:
                yield <value>
            finally:
                <cleanup>

    This makes this:

        with some_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>:
            <body>

    equivalent to this:

        <setup>
        try:
            <variable> = <value>
            <body>
        finally:
            <cleanup>

    """
    @wraps(func)
    def helper(*args, **kwds):
        return GeneratorContextManager(func(*args, **kwds))
    return helper


@contextmanager
def nested(*managers):
    """Combine multiple context managers into a single nested context manager.

   This function has been deprecated in favour of the multiple manager form
   of the with statement.

   The one advantage of this function over the multiple manager form of the
   with statement is that argument unpacking allows it to be
   used with a variable number of context managers as follows:

      with nested(*managers):
          do_something()

    """
    warn("With-statements now directly support multiple context managers",
         DeprecationWarning, 3)
    exits = []
    vars = []
    exc = (None, None, None)
    try:
        for mgr in managers:
            exit = mgr.__exit__
            enter = mgr.__enter__
            vars.append(enter())
            exits.append(exit)
        yield vars
    except:
        exc = sys.exc_info()
    finally:
        while exits:
            exit = exits.pop()
            try:
                if exit(*exc):
                    exc = (None, None, None)
            except:
                exc = sys.exc_info()
        if exc != (None, None, None):
            # Don't rely on sys.exc_info() still containing
            # the right information. Another exception may
            # have been raised and caught by an exit method
            raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2]


class closing(object):
    """Context to automatically close something at the end of a block.

    Code like this:

        with closing(<module>.open(<arguments>)) as f:
            <block>

    is equivalent to this:

        f = <module>.open(<arguments>)
        try:
            <block>
        finally:
            f.close()

    """
    def __init__(self, thing):
        self.thing = thing
    def __enter__(self):
        return self.thing
    def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
        self.thing.close()

## contextmanager_example.py
#!/bin/env python

from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def tag(name):
    print "<%s>" % name
    yield
    print "</%s>" % name


# tag("h1") 是一个生成器, contextmanager 里面会调用它的 next 方法, 得到 第一次打印h1, 然后执行 print "foo",
# 在退出的时候 contextmanager 还会执行 next, 打印第二个h1, 然后报 StopIteration, 会忽略.
with tag("h1"):
   print "foo"

## with_mysql_conn.py
#/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

""" 自己定义 __enter__ 和 __exit__ 方法即可使用到 with 的方便.

"""

import MySQLdb
from DBUtils import PooledDB


MYSQL_USER = ""
MYSQL_PASSWD = ''
MYSQL_HOST = ""
MYSQL_PORT = 3066
MYSQL_DATABASE = ""


class PooledConnection(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.pool = PooledDB.PooledDB(MySQLdb,
                                      user=MYSQL_USER,
                                      passwd=MYSQL_PASSWD,
                                      host=MYSQL_HOST,
                                      port=MYSQL_PORT,
                                      db=MYSQL_DATABASE,
                                      mincached=3,
                                      maxcached=10,
                                      maxshared=3,
                                      maxconnections=100
                                     )

    def __enter__(self):
        """ 从连接池中返回连接.

        """
        self.conn = self.pool.connection()
        return self.conn

    def __exit__(self, _type, value, tb):
        """ 关闭连接.

        """
        # print _type, value, tb
        self.conn.close()
        # print "conn is closed"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    with PooledConnection() as conn:
        print conn
	#/bin/env python

	import urllib
	import contextlib


	with contextlib.closing(urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")) as x:
	print x.code
	"""contextlib 源码, 放在这里方面查阅理解."""

	"""Utilities for with-statement contexts. See PEP 343."""

	import sys
	from functools import wraps
	from warnings import warn

	__all__ = ["contextmanager", "nested", "closing"]

	class GeneratorContextManager(object):
	"""Helper for @contextmanager decorator."""

	def __init__(self, gen):
	self.gen = gen

	def __enter__(self):
	try:
	return self.gen.next()
	except StopIteration:
	raise RuntimeError("generator didn't yield")

	def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):
	if type is None:
	try:
	self.gen.next()
	except StopIteration:
	return
	else:
	raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop")
	else:
	if value is None:
	# Need to force instantiation so we can reliably
	# tell if we get the same exception back
	value = type()
	try:
	self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
	raise RuntimeError("generator didn't stop after throw()")
	except StopIteration, exc:
	# Suppress the exception unless it's the same exception that
	# was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration
	# raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed
	return exc is not value
	except:
	# only re-raise if it's not the exception that was
	# passed to throw(), because __exit__() must not raise
	# an exception unless __exit__() itself failed. But throw()
	# has to raise the exception to signal propagation, so this
	# fixes the impedance mismatch between the throw() protocol
	# and the __exit__() protocol.
	#
	if sys.exc_info()[1] is not value:
	raise


	def contextmanager(func):
	"""@contextmanager decorator.

	Typical usage:

	@contextmanager
	def some_generator(<arguments>):
	<setup>
	try:
	yield <value>
	finally:
	<cleanup>

	This makes this:

	with some_generator(<arguments>) as <variable>:
	<body>

	equivalent to this:

	<setup>
	try:
	<variable> = <value>
	<body>
	finally:
	<cleanup>

	"""
	@wraps(func)
	def helper(args, *kwds):
	return GeneratorContextManager(func(args, *kwds))
	return helper


	@contextmanager
	def nested(*managers):
	"""Combine multiple context managers into a single nested context manager.

	This function has been deprecated in favour of the multiple manager form
	of the with statement.

	The one advantage of this function over the multiple manager form of the
	with statement is that argument unpacking allows it to be
	used with a variable number of context managers as follows:

	with nested(*managers):
	do_something()

	"""
	warn("With-statements now directly support multiple context managers",
	DeprecationWarning, 3)
	exits = []
	vars = []
	exc = (None, None, None)
	try:
	for mgr in managers:
	exit = mgr.__exit__
	enter = mgr.__enter__
	vars.append(enter())
	exits.append(exit)
	yield vars
	except:
	exc = sys.exc_info()
	finally:
	while exits:
	exit = exits.pop()
	try:
	if exit(*exc):
	exc = (None, None, None)
	except:
	exc = sys.exc_info()
	if exc != (None, None, None):
	# Don't rely on sys.exc_info() still containing
	# the right information. Another exception may
	# have been raised and caught by an exit method
	raise exc[0], exc[1], exc[2]


	class closing(object):
	"""Context to automatically close something at the end of a block.

	Code like this:

	with closing(<module>.open(<arguments>)) as f:
	<block>

	is equivalent to this:

	f = <module>.open(<arguments>)
	try:
	<block>
	finally:
	f.close()

	"""
	def __init__(self, thing):
	self.thing = thing
	def __enter__(self):
	return self.thing
	def __exit__(self, *exc_info):
	self.thing.close()
	#!/bin/env python

	from contextlib import contextmanager

	@contextmanager
	def tag(name):
	print "<%s>" % name
	yield
	print "</%s>" % name


	# tag("h1") 是一个生成器, contextmanager 里面会调用它的 next 方法, 得到第一次打印h1, 然后执行 print "foo",
	# 在退出的时候 contextmanager 还会执行 next, 打印第二个h1, 然后报 StopIteration, 会忽略.
	with tag("h1"):
	print "foo"
	#/bin/env python
	# -- coding: utf-8 --

	""" 自己定义 __enter__ 和 __exit__ 方法即可使用到 with 的方便.

	"""

	import MySQLdb
	from DBUtils import PooledDB


	MYSQL_USER = ""
	MYSQL_PASSWD = ''
	MYSQL_HOST = ""
	MYSQL_PORT = 3066
	MYSQL_DATABASE = ""


	class PooledConnection(object):
	def __init__(self):
	self.pool = PooledDB.PooledDB(MySQLdb,
	user=MYSQL_USER,
	passwd=MYSQL_PASSWD,
	host=MYSQL_HOST,
	port=MYSQL_PORT,
	db=MYSQL_DATABASE,
	mincached=3,
	maxcached=10,
	maxshared=3,
	maxconnections=100
	)

	def __enter__(self):
	""" 从连接池中返回连接.

	"""
	self.conn = self.pool.connection()
	return self.conn

	def __exit__(self, _type, value, tb):
	""" 关闭连接.

	"""
	# print _type, value, tb
	self.conn.close()
	# print "conn is closed"


	if __name__ == "__main__":
	with PooledConnection() as conn:
	print conn