== Performance of 500k (1/65k random) [FireFox] ==

## hyperloglog.js
/**
 * Author - Shutupandcode - Terrance A. Snyder (http://www.shutupandcode.net & http://www.terranceasnyder.com)
 *          w/ http://stackoverflow.com/users/36174/actual
 *
 * HyperLogLog implementation ripped from:
 * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5990713/loglog-algorithm-for-counting-of-large-cardinalities
 *
 * However modifications made to allow for intersect, union, etc
 * to allow for comparing two instances together.
 *
 * Arguments:
 *  @std_error - Standard error level acceptable for your dataset.
 *              Defaults to 0.005 for maximum accuracy.
 *              Depending on set size may want to increase this to ~0.015 or more.
 *  @hashFunc - The hash function to run against the string.
 *              Default Implementation currently uses FNV hash - use MurMurHash or other at your discretion.
 *  @bytes    - Optional - the bytes to populate this HyperLogLog with, used when doing intersect, union, etc.
 */
var HyperLogLog = function(std_error, hashFunc, bytes) {

     var pow_2_32 = 0xFFFFFFFF + 1;

     function fnv1a_hash(text)
     {
          var hash = 2166136261;
          for (var i = 0; i < text.length; ++i)
          {
               hash ^= text.charCodeAt(i);
               hash += (hash << 1) + (hash << 4) + (hash << 7) +
                 (hash << 8) + (hash << 24);
          }
          return hash >>> 0;
     }

     function log2(x)
     {
          return Math.log(x) / Math.LN2;
     }

     function rank(hash, max)
     {
          var r = 1;
          while ((hash & 1) == 0 && r <= max) { ++r; hash >>>= 1; }
          return r;
     }

     // check if hash function supplied if not default to fnv hash
     hashFunc = hashFunc ? hashFunc : fnv1a_hash;

     var m = 1.04 / std_error;
     var k = Math.ceil(log2(m * m));
     var k_comp = 32 - k;
     m = Math.pow(2, k);

     var alpha_m = m == 16 ? 0.673
          : m == 32 ? 0.697
          : m == 64 ? 0.709
          : 0.7213 / (1 + 1.079 / m);

     // setup of bitset
     var M = [];
     if (!bytes) {
      for (var i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        M[i] = 0;
      }
     } else {
       M = bytes;
     }

     function count(stringValue)
     {
          if (stringValue !== undefined && stringValue)
          {
                var hash = hashFunc(stringValue);
                var j = hash >>> k_comp;
                M[j] = Math.max(M[j], rank(hash, k_comp));
          }
          else
          {
                var c = 0.0;
                for (var i = 0; i < m; ++i) c += 1 / Math.pow(2, M[i]);
                var E = alpha_m * m * m / c;

                // -- make corrections

                if (E <= 5/2 * m)
                {
                     var V = 0;
                     for (var i = 0; i < m; ++i) if (M[i] == 0) ++V;
                     if (V > 0) E = m * Math.log(m / V);
                }
                else if (E > 1/30 * pow_2_32)
                     E = -pow_2_32 * Math.log(1 - E / pow_2_32);

                // --

                return E;
          }
    }

    return {
      /**
       * The count function to call with either the word to add to the
       * count, or with null to get the total count.
       */
      count: count,
      /**
       * The matrix/set used for cloning and for the intersection, union, etc.
       */
      M: M,
      /**
       * Returns a new HyperLogLog that represents the union
       * between all items.
       *
       * @param {Object} ll The other HyperLogLog to intersect with
       */
      union: function(ll) {
        if (ll == null) return this;
        var mergedBytes = M.slice(0); // clone array
        for (var i=0; i<mergedBytes.length;i++) {
          mergedBytes[i] = Math.max(mergedBytes[i], ll.M[i]);
        }
        return HyperLogLog(std_error, hashFunc, mergedBytes);
      },
      /**
       * Returns a new HyperLogLog with only those items that intersect
       * @param {Object} ll The other HyperLogLog to intersect with
       */
      intersect: function(ll) {
        if (ll == null) return this;
        var mergedBytes = M.slice(0); // clone array
        for (var i=0; i<mergedBytes.length;i++) {
          mergedBytes[i] = Math.min(mergedBytes[i], ll.M[i]);
        }
        return HyperLogLog(std_error, hashFunc, mergedBytes);
      },
      /**
       * A\B means the set that contains all those elements of A that are not in B
       * @param {Object} ll The other HyperLogLog to do without.
       */
      without: function(ll) {
        if (ll == null) return this;
        var mergedBytes = M.slice(0); // clone array
        for (var i=0; i<mergedBytes.length;i++) {
          mergedBytes[i] = mergedBytes[i] > ll.M[i] ? mergedBytes[i] : 0;
        }
        return HyperLogLog(std_error, hashFunc, mergedBytes);
      }
    };
};

/**
 * JS Implementation of MurmurHash3 (r136) (as of May 20, 2011)
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:gary.court@gmail.com">Gary Court</a>
 * @see http://github.com/garycourt/murmurhash-js
 * @author <a href="mailto:aappleby@gmail.com">Austin Appleby</a>
 * @see http://sites.google.com/site/murmurhash/
 *
 * @param {string} key ASCII only
 * @param {number} seed Positive integer only
 * @return {number} 32-bit positive integer hash
 */

function murmurhash3_32_gc(key, seed) {
  var remainder, bytes, h1, h1b, c1, c1b, c2, c2b, k1, i;

  remainder = key.length & 3; // key.length % 4
  bytes = key.length - remainder;
  h1 = seed ? seed : 1;
  c1 = 0xcc9e2d51;
  c2 = 0x1b873593;
  i = 0;

  while (i < bytes) {
      k1 =
        ((key.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff)) |
        ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 8) |
        ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 16) |
        ((key.charCodeAt(++i) & 0xff) << 24);
    ++i;

    k1 = ((((k1 & 0xffff) * c1) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c1) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
    k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >>> 17);
    k1 = ((((k1 & 0xffff) * c2) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c2) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;

    h1 ^= k1;
        h1 = (h1 << 13) | (h1 >>> 19);
    h1b = ((((h1 & 0xffff) * 5) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 5) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
    h1 = (((h1b & 0xffff) + 0x6b64) + ((((h1b >>> 16) + 0xe654) & 0xffff) << 16));
  }

  k1 = 0;

  switch (remainder) {
    case 3: k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i + 2) & 0xff) << 16;
    case 2: k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i + 1) & 0xff) << 8;
    case 1: k1 ^= (key.charCodeAt(i) & 0xff);

    k1 = (((k1 & 0xffff) * c1) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c1) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
    k1 = (k1 << 15) | (k1 >>> 17);
    k1 = (((k1 & 0xffff) * c2) + ((((k1 >>> 16) * c2) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
    h1 ^= k1;
  }

  h1 ^= key.length;

  h1 ^= h1 >>> 16;
  h1 = (((h1 & 0xffff) * 0x85ebca6b) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 0x85ebca6b) & 0xffff) << 16)) & 0xffffffff;
  h1 ^= h1 >>> 13;
  h1 = ((((h1 & 0xffff) * 0xc2b2ae35) + ((((h1 >>> 16) * 0xc2b2ae35) & 0xffff) << 16))) & 0xffffffff;
  h1 ^= h1 >>> 16;

  return h1 >>> 0;
};

## hyperloglog_test.js
var setA = new HyperLogLog(0.005, murmurhash3_32_gc);
var setB = new HyperLogLog(0.005, murmurhash3_32_gc);

setA.count('cat');
setA.count('dog');
setA.count('fish');

setB.count('cat');
setB.count('bird');

console.log('setA: ' + setA.count());
console.log('setB: ' + setB.count());

console.log('setA ∪ setB : ' + setA.union(setB).count());
console.log('setA ∩ setB : ' + setA.intersect(setB).count());
console.log('A \\ B: ' + setA.without(setB).count());
console.log('B \\ A: ' + setB.without(setA).count());

function generateRandomWords(count,randomness) {
    var result = [];

    // randomness of a UUID is cryptographic, such that:
    // substring(1) = 1/16, substring(2) = 1/256, substring(3) = 1/4096, etc...
    while (count > 0) {
        result.push(UUID.randomUUID().substring(0,randomness));
        count--;
    }

    return result;
};

var randomness = 4;
var expected = Math.pow(16,randomness);
var words = generateRandomWords(500000,randomness);
var hll = HyperLogLog(0.015, murmurhash3_32_gc);
var watch = new StopWatch().start();
for (var i=0;i<words.length;i++) {
  hll.count(words[i]);
}
var estimate = hll.count().toFixed(0);
var error_rate = (estimate - expected) / (expected / 100.0);
console.log(words.length + ' words with expected uniqueness of ' + expected + ' estimated in ' + watch.stop().total() + 'ms (error rate: ' + error_rate + '%)');