The Problem That Opaque Types Solve

opaque_type_hide_information_from_module.swift

protocol Shape {
    associatedtype T
    func draw() -> String
}

struct Triangle: Shape {
    typealias T = Int
    
    var size: Int
    func draw() -> String {
       var result: [String] = []
       for length in 1...size {
           result.append(String(repeating: "*", count: length))
       }
       return result.joined(separator: "\n")
    }
}

struct Square: Shape {
    typealias T = Int
    
    var size: Int
    func draw() -> String {
        let line = String(repeating: "*", count: size)
        let result = Array<String>(repeating: line, count: size)
        return result.joined(separator: "\n")
    }
}

struct FlippedShape<T: Shape>: Shape {
    var shape: T
    func draw() -> String {
        let lines = shape.draw().split(separator: "\n")
        return lines.reversed().joined(separator: "\n")
    }
}

struct JoinedShape<T: Shape, U: Shape>: Shape {
    var top: T
    var bottom: U
    func draw() -> String {
       return top.draw() + "\n" + bottom.draw()
    }
}

func makeTrapezoid() -> some Shape {
    let top = Triangle(size: 2)
    let middle = Square(size: 2)
    let bottom = FlippedShape(shape: top)
    let trapezoid = JoinedShape(top: top,
                                bottom: JoinedShape(top: middle, bottom: bottom))
    return trapezoid
}

// Below is client
let myShape = makeTrapezoid()
let drawResult = myShape.draw()
print(drawResult)