How to generate tiles from TileMill config (ie. bypass mbtiles)

render.sh

/TileMill/bin/carto map.mml > map.xml
python render_tiles.py map.xml .tiles/ 42.05 -88 41.6 -87.5 11 16 2

render_tiles.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# NOTE: This script taken from the OSM project, with minor modifications.

from math import pi,cos,sin,log,exp,atan
from subprocess import call
import sys, os
from Queue import Queue
import mapnik2
import threading
import argparse

custom_fonts_dir = '/Library/Fonts/'
mapnik2.register_fonts(custom_fonts_dir)

DEG_TO_RAD = pi/180
RAD_TO_DEG = 180/pi

# Default number of rendering threads to spawn, should be roughly equal to number of CPU cores available
NUM_THREADS = 4

def minmax (a,b,c):
    a = max(a,b)
    a = min(a,c)
    return a

class GoogleProjection:
    def __init__(self,levels=18):
        self.Bc = []
        self.Cc = []
        self.zc = []
        self.Ac = []
        c = 256
        for d in range(0,levels):
            e = c/2;
            self.Bc.append(c/360.0)
            self.Cc.append(c/(2 * pi))
            self.zc.append((e,e))
            self.Ac.append(c)
            c *= 2
                
    def fromLLtoPixel(self,ll,zoom):
         d = self.zc[zoom]
         e = round(d[0] + ll[0] * self.Bc[zoom])
         f = minmax(sin(DEG_TO_RAD * ll[1]),-0.9999,0.9999)
         g = round(d[1] + 0.5*log((1+f)/(1-f))*-self.Cc[zoom])
         return (e,g)
     
    def fromPixelToLL(self,px,zoom):
         e = self.zc[zoom]
         f = (px[0] - e[0])/self.Bc[zoom]
         g = (px[1] - e[1])/-self.Cc[zoom]
         h = RAD_TO_DEG * ( 2 * atan(exp(g)) - 0.5 * pi)
         return (f,h)



class RenderThread:
    def __init__(self, tile_dir, mapfile, q, printLock, maxZoom):
        self.tile_dir = tile_dir
        self.q = q
        self.m = mapnik2.Map(256, 256)
        self.printLock = printLock
        # Load style XML
        mapnik2.load_map(self.m, mapfile, True)
        # Obtain <Map> projection
        self.prj = mapnik2.Projection(self.m.srs)
        # Projects between tile pixel co-ordinates and LatLong (EPSG:4326)
        self.tileproj = GoogleProjection(maxZoom+1)


    def render_tile(self, tile_uri, x, y, z):
        # Calculate pixel positions of bottom-left & top-right
        p0 = (x * 256, (y + 1) * 256)
        p1 = ((x + 1) * 256, y * 256)

        # Convert to LatLong (EPSG:4326)
        l0 = self.tileproj.fromPixelToLL(p0, z);
        l1 = self.tileproj.fromPixelToLL(p1, z);

        # Convert to map projection (e.g. mercator co-ords EPSG:900913)
        c0 = self.prj.forward(mapnik2.Coord(l0[0],l0[1]))
        c1 = self.prj.forward(mapnik2.Coord(l1[0],l1[1]))

        # Bounding box for the tile
        if hasattr(mapnik2,'mapnik_version') and mapnik2.mapnik_version() >= 800:
            bbox = mapnik2.Box2d(c0.x,c0.y, c1.x,c1.y)
        else:
            bbox = mapnik2.Envelope(c0.x,c0.y, c1.x,c1.y)
        render_size = 256
        self.m.resize(render_size, render_size)
        self.m.zoom_to_box(bbox)
        self.m.buffer_size = 128

        # Render image with default Agg renderer
        im = mapnik2.Image(render_size, render_size)
        mapnik2.render(self.m, im)
        im.save(tile_uri, 'png256')


    def loop(self):
        while True:
            #Fetch a tile from the queue and render it
            r = self.q.get()
            if (r == None):
                self.q.task_done()
                break
            else:
                (name, tile_uri, x, y, z) = r

            exists= ""
            if os.path.isfile(tile_uri):
                exists= "exists"
            else:
                self.render_tile(tile_uri, x, y, z)
            bytes=os.stat(tile_uri)[6]
            empty= ''
            if bytes == 103:
                empty = " Empty Tile "
            self.printLock.acquire()
            print name, ":", z, x, y, exists, empty
            self.printLock.release()
            self.q.task_done()



def render_tiles(bbox, mapfile, tile_dir, minZoom=1,maxZoom=18, name="unknown", num_threads=NUM_THREADS):
    print "render_tiles(",bbox, mapfile, tile_dir, minZoom, maxZoom, name,")"

    # Launch rendering threads
    queue = Queue(32)
    printLock = threading.Lock()
    renderers = {}
    for i in range(num_threads):
        renderer = RenderThread(tile_dir, mapfile, queue, printLock, maxZoom)
        render_thread = threading.Thread(target=renderer.loop)
        render_thread.start()
        #print "Started render thread %s" % render_thread.getName()
        renderers[i] = render_thread

    if not os.path.isdir(tile_dir):
         os.mkdir(tile_dir)

    gprj = GoogleProjection(maxZoom+1) 

    ll0 = (bbox[0],bbox[3])
    ll1 = (bbox[2],bbox[1])

    for z in range(minZoom,maxZoom + 1):
        px0 = gprj.fromLLtoPixel(ll0,z)
        px1 = gprj.fromLLtoPixel(ll1,z)
        
        # check if we have directories in place
        zoom = "%s" % z
        if not os.path.isdir(tile_dir + zoom):
            os.mkdir(tile_dir + zoom)
        for x in range(int(px0[0]/256.0),int(px1[0]/256.0)+1):
            # Validate x co-ordinate
            if (x < 0) or (x >= 2**z):
                continue
            # check if we have directories in place
            str_x = "%s" % x
            if not os.path.isdir(tile_dir + zoom + '/' + str_x):
                os.mkdir(tile_dir + zoom + '/' + str_x)
            for y in range(int(px0[1]/256.0),int(px1[1]/256.0)+1):
                # Validate x co-ordinate
                if (y < 0) or (y >= 2**z):
                    continue
                str_y = "%s" % y
                tile_uri = tile_dir + zoom + '/' + str_x + '/' + str_y + '.png'
                # Submit tile to be rendered into the queue
                t = (name, tile_uri, x, y, z)
                queue.put(t)

    # Signal render threads to exit by sending empty request to queue
    for i in range(num_threads):
        queue.put(None)
    # wait for pending rendering jobs to complete
    queue.join()
    for i in range(num_threads):
        renderers[i].join()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    
    #python render_tiles.py tilemill/wards.xml mayor-2011/.tiles/wards/ -89.03 41.07 -87.51 42.50 9 16 2
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Render your tiles.')
    parser.add_argument('style_file', help="File containing Mapnik styles")
    parser.add_argument('tile_dir', help="Destination directory for rendered tiles")
    parser.add_argument('lat_1', type=float, help="Top-left corner latitude")
    parser.add_argument('lon_1', type=float, help="Top-left corner longitude")
    parser.add_argument('lat_2', type=float, help="Bottom-right corner latitude")
    parser.add_argument('lon_2', type=float, help="Bottom-right corner longitude")
    parser.add_argument('min_zoom', help="Minimum zoom level to render", type=int, default="9")
    parser.add_argument('max_zoom', help="Maximum zoom level to render", type=int, default="12")
    parser.add_argument('cores', help="Number of rendering threads to spawn, should be roughly equal to number of CPU cores available", type=int, default="2")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    
    bbox = (args.lon_1, args.lat_2, args.lon_2, args.lat_1)
    
    render_tiles(bbox, args.style_file, args.tile_dir, args.min_zoom, args.max_zoom)