First install all dependencies from older Freeciv client (packed with the official repo):
sudo apt-get build-dep freeciv-client-gtk
Then it's basically this:
wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/freeciv/Freeciv%202.3/2.3.0/freeciv-2.3.0.tar.bz2
bzcat freeciv-2.3.0.tar.bz2|tar xf -
cd freeciv-2.3.0
./configure --prefix=$HOME/opt/freeciv
make
make install
Now you can start the client with command:
~/opt/freeciv/bin/freeciv-gtk2
Thanks for this.