The correct way to implement a placeholder in a UITextView (Swift)

UITextViewPlaceholder.swift

//
//  UITextViewPlaceholder.swift
//  TextViewPlaceholder
//
//  Copyright (c) 2017 Tijme Gommers <tijme@finnwea.com>
//
//  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
//  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
//  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
//  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
//  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
//  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
//
//  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
//  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
//
//  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
//  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
//  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
//  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
//  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
//  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
//  SOFTWARE.

import UIKit

/// Extend UITextView and implemented UITextViewDelegate to listen for changes
extension UITextView: UITextViewDelegate {
    
    /// Resize the placeholder when the UITextView bounds change
    override open var bounds: CGRect {
        didSet {
            self.resizePlaceholder()
        }
    }
    
    /// The UITextView placeholder text
    public var placeholder: String? {
        get {
            var placeholderText: String?
            
            if let placeholderLabel = self.viewWithTag(100) as? UILabel {
                placeholderText = placeholderLabel.text
            }
            
            return placeholderText
        }
        set {
            if let placeholderLabel = self.viewWithTag(100) as! UILabel? {
                placeholderLabel.text = newValue
                placeholderLabel.sizeToFit()
            } else {
                self.addPlaceholder(newValue!)
            }
        }
    }
    
    /// When the UITextView did change, show or hide the label based on if the UITextView is empty or not
    ///
    /// - Parameter textView: The UITextView that got updated
    public func textViewDidChange(_ textView: UITextView) {
        if let placeholderLabel = self.viewWithTag(100) as? UILabel {
            placeholderLabel.isHidden = !self.text.isEmpty
        }
    }
    
    /// Resize the placeholder UILabel to make sure it's in the same position as the UITextView text
    private func resizePlaceholder() {
        if let placeholderLabel = self.viewWithTag(100) as! UILabel? {
            let labelX = self.textContainer.lineFragmentPadding
            let labelY = self.textContainerInset.top - 2
            let labelWidth = self.frame.width - (labelX * 2)
            let labelHeight = placeholderLabel.frame.height

            placeholderLabel.frame = CGRect(x: labelX, y: labelY, width: labelWidth, height: labelHeight)
        }
    }
    
    /// Adds a placeholder UILabel to this UITextView
    private func addPlaceholder(_ placeholderText: String) {
        let placeholderLabel = UILabel()
        
        placeholderLabel.text = placeholderText
        placeholderLabel.sizeToFit()
        
        placeholderLabel.font = self.font
        placeholderLabel.textColor = UIColor.lightGray
        placeholderLabel.tag = 100
        
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !self.text.isEmpty
        
        self.addSubview(placeholderLabel)
        self.resizePlaceholder()
        self.delegate = self
    }
    
}

It doesn't seem to handle multiple lines. I am seeing truncation with ellipsis at the end of the first line. Perhaps because textContainer frame is not the same as the UITextView frame?

@germs5 Hmm, I didn't implement that indeed. I think there are two things you can try. Either use adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth on the placeholder label or increase the height and make it multiline.

I think it's better not to take control of the delegate property in the extension. Because developer may need set delegate to another Object and do more stuff. We can listen to the text change this way:

 NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self,
                                               selector: #selector(textViewDidChange),
                                               name: NSNotification.Name.UITextViewTextDidChange,
                                               object: nil)

@liaa Great solution! I am not able to test this right now but I'll merge it as soon as I have time.

what is the license of this lib?

@congnd MIT. I just added the license at the top of the Swift file.

what if i need delegate somewhere else?

@astrokin
@liaa 's answear with adding observer works for me

@liaa Thanks! :) I used this nice extension. but, when I use textview's delegate, then delegate not work well.. it tangled. but I understand your think, and I implement that, then It work perfectly. thanks!

@seubseub You can also use @liaa 's solution 😄

Thanks! I forked the gist and added a few more values to control (font, color, inset) with support for Interface Builder.

@yuvalt Ah I see, very nice!

Very helpful! Thanks!
Btw there's a tiny bug in line 61. The parameter isn't the textView, it's actually an NSNotification so the parameter should be sender: NSNotification. And since we have that object it's probably better to actually use the sender's variables instead of self's, something like this:

@objc public func textViewDidChange(_ sender: NSNotification) {
    guard let textView = sender.object as? UITextView else { return }
    if let placeholderLabel = textView.viewWithTag(100) as? UILabel {
        placeholderLabel.isHidden = !textView.text.isEmpty
    }
}

@manolosavi Thanks! I think you're not right about the bug though. I checked the documentation and it seems like the argument is a UITextView.

@tijme sorry for the late reply, not sure why I never got a notification. That's odd, not sure what's going on because in my tests what I was getting in there was an NSNotification, in fact because of the guard there it's the only way this would be working, if sender was already a UITextView then it wouldn't pass the guard and return there. I put a breakpoint in that function and po textView [now sender] and the console showed it's a notification…

edit: nevermind I just saw a difference in your code vs mine, I copied from a different fork that uses the notification style…my bad!

@manolosavi For the notification version (which, in my view, is an important improvement over hijacking the delegate), it would be better to set the last argument to self instead of nil, so the selector only gets called for changes to the text of our own text, not every UITextView instance. Otherwise I think every instance will have its own textViewDidChange method invoked when any text changes in any instance.

@manolosavi Can u please give me a link to that gist which uses NSNotification? I want to know where the observer has been removed.

@tijme Thanks for your great extension then how can i remove placeholder at adding text programatically. for instance, mTextView.text = "Ok but i can't remove placeholder :( ".

You can use NSTextStorageDelegate instead of UITextViewDelegate or UITextViewTextDidChange notification to observe all changes made to the text property. Plus you can use the UITextViewDelegate somewhere else.

"self.text.characters.count" is deprecated in Swift 4.2 and in the future may be disabled in turn. Xcode suggests changing "characters" to "string" or "substring" but it does not work. I was able to silence the warning by removing the "characters" without replacing with anything as can be seen in the attached example.

P.S .: Thanks for share this code, it helped me a lot.

Thanks for this. Two comments:

1. Missing: placeholderLabel.numberOfLines = 0 for longer placeholders.
2. You should call placeholderLabel.sizeToFit() after setting the placeholderLabel.frame size.

If you enter text programmatically then placeholder text not removed. I did following changes to make it work:

NotificationCenter.default.addObserver(self, selector: #selector(textViewDidChangeSelection), name: NSNotification.Name(rawValue: "TextViewDidChangeSelection"), object: nil)

When we enter text programmatically then textViewDidChangeSelection delegate method called; Here we can post notification. (This delegate method called in my app code because i need some custom logic in delegates)
func textViewDidChangeSelection(_ textView: UITextView) { NotificationCenter.default.post(name: Notification.Name("TextViewDidChangeSelection"), object: nil) }

Note: I removed self.delegate = self because, i need delegate methods for business logic; due to that, delegate methods were not calling.

@germs5 If you want to support multiline placeholder text then you just need to add below line of code in addPlaceholder function.

placeholderLabel.frame = self.frame

A small improvement to take insets into consideration:

let labelX = self.textContainerInset.left + textContainer.lineFragmentPadding

https://gist.github.com/tijme/14ec04ef6a175a70dd5a759e7ff0b938#file-uitextviewplaceholder-swift-L70

Hy! Thx for the gist.
It's better to change self.text.characters.count > 0 to !self.text.isEmpty.
The code doesn't compile on Swift 5.2, also it's better not to use any chasets to detect whether the string is empty.

Hi, I am new to this so please be nice lol but how do you actually use this???

Yeah, it should work with my changes

Hi, I am new to this so please be nice lol but how do you actually use this???

You can place this file in your project and then set do yourTextView.placeholder = 'test...'.

Just wanted to say thank you for such a simple solution.

Thanks @MoNTE48!