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Last active January 19, 2021 12:49
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Pure JS JSON Parser
/**
* Pure JS JSON Parser
*
* @see https://lihautan.com/json-parser-with-javascript/
* @param {string} str
*/
function parseJSON(str) {
let i = 0;
const value = parseValue();
expectEndOfInput();
return value;
function parseObject() {
if (str[i] === '{') {
i++;
skipWhitespace();
const result = {};
let initial = true;
// if it is not '}',
// we take the path of string -> whitespace -> ':' -> value -> ...
while (str[i] !== '}') {
if ( ! initial) {
eatChar(',');
skipWhitespace();
}
const key = parseString();
if (key === undefined) {
expectObjectKey();
}
skipWhitespace();
eatChar(':');
const value = parseValue();
result[key] = value;
initial = false;
}
// move the the next character of '}'
i++;
return result;
}
}
function parseArray() {
if (str[i] === '[') {
i++;
skipWhitespace();
const result = [];
let initial = true;
while (str[i] !== ']') {
if ( ! initial) {
eatChar(',');
}
const value = parseValue();
result.push(value);
initial = false;
}
expectNotEndOfInput("]");
// move to the next character of ']'
i++;
return result;
}
}
function parseValue() {
skipWhitespace();
// The 'native' but not yet well supported way...
// Null only works because it's the last value checked for
/* const value = parseString() ??
parseNumber() ??
parseObject() ??
parseArray() ??
parseKeyword('true', true) ??
parseKeyword('false', false) ??
parseKeyword('null', null); */
// A compromise that is better supported
const tryFn = (fns) => {
// find the first fn that doesn't return undefined
for (let n = 0; n < fns.length; n++) {
const [fn, args] = fns[n];
const res = fn(...args);
if (res !== undefined) {
return res;
}
}
}
const value = tryFn([
[parseString, []],
[parseNumber, []],
[parseObject, []],
[parseArray, []],
[parseKeyword, ['true', true]],
[parseKeyword, ['false', false]],
[parseKeyword, ['null', null]],
]);
skipWhitespace();
return value;
}
function parseKeyword(name, value) {
if (str.slice(i, i + name.length) === name) {
i += name.length;
return value;
}
}
function skipWhitespace() {
while ([' ', "\n", "\t", "\r"].includes(str[i])) {
i++;
}
}
function parseString() {
if (str[i] === '"') {
i++;
let result = "";
while (i < str.length && str[i] !== '"') {
if (str[i] === "\\") {
const char = str[i + 1];
if (['"', "\\", "/"].includes(char)) {
result += char;
i++;
} else if (['b', 'f', 'n', 'r', 't'].includes(char)) {
// Non-visible characters need to get parsed as
// their escape sequence, not the letter of
// the escape sequence.
const replacement = {
b: "\b",
f: "\f",
n: "\n",
r: "\r",
t: "\t",
};
result += replacement[char];
i++;
} else if (char === "u") {
if (
isHexadecimal(str[i + 2]) &&
isHexadecimal(str[i + 3]) &&
isHexadecimal(str[i + 4]) &&
isHexadecimal(str[i + 5])
) {
result += String.fromCharCode(
parseInt(str.slice(i + 2, i + 6), 16)
);
i += 5;
} else {
i += 2;
expectEscapeUnicode(result);
}
} else {
expectEscapeCharacter(result);
}
} else {
result += str[i];
}
i++;
}
expectNotEndOfInput('"');
i++;
return result;
}
}
function isHexadecimal(char) {
return /[0-9a-f]/i.test(char);
}
function parseNumber() {
let start = i;
if (str[i] === "-") {
i++;
expectDigit(str.slice(start, i));
}
if (str[i] === "0") {
i++;
} else if (str[i] >= "1" && str[i] <="9") {
i++;
while (str[i] >= "0" && str[i] <="9") {
i++;
}
}
if (str[i] === ".") {
i++;
expectDigit(str.slice(start, i));
while (str[i] >= "0" && str[i] <= "9") {
i++;
}
}
if (str[i] === "e" || str[i] === "E") {
i++;
if (str[i] === "-" || str[i] === "+") {
i++;
}
expectDigit(str.slice(start, i));
while (str[i] >= "0" && str[i] <= "9") {
i++;
}
}
if (i > start) {
return Number(str.slice(start, i));
}
}
function eatChar(char) {
if (str[i] !== char) {
throw new Error(`Expected "${char}".`);
}
i++;
}
function expectNotEndOfInput(expected) {
if (i === str.length) {
printCodeSnippet(`Expecting a \`${expected}\` here`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0001 Unexpected End of Input");
}
}
function expectEndOfInput() {
if (i < str.length) {
printCodeSnippet("Expected to end here");
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0002 Expected End of Input");
}
}
function expectObjectKey() {
printCodeSnippet(`Expecting object key here
For example:
{ "foo": "bar" }
^^^^^`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0003 Expecting JSON Key");
}
function expectCharacter(expected) {
if (str[i] !== expected) {
printCodeSnippet(`Expecting a \`${expected}\` here`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0004 Unexpected token");
}
}
function expectDigit(numSoFar) {
if (!(str[i] >= "0" && str[i] <= "9")) {
printCodeSnippet(`JSON_ERROR_0005 Expecting a digit here
For example:
${numSoFar}5
${" ".repeat(numSoFar.length)}^`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0006 Expecting a digit");
}
}
function expectEscapeCharacter(strSoFar) {
printCodeSnippet(`JSON_ERROR_0007 Expecting escape character
For example:
"${strSoFar}\\n"
${" ".repeat(strSoFar.length + 1)}^^
List of escape characters are: \\", \\\\, \\/, \\b, \\f, \\n, \\r, \\t, \\u`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0008 Expecting an escape character");
}
function expectEscapeUnicode(strSoFar) {
printCodeSnippet(`Expect escape unicode
For example:
"${strSoFar}\\u0123
${" ".repeat(strSoFar.length + 1)}^^^^^^`);
throw new Error("JSON_ERROR_0009 Expecting an escape unicode");
}
function printCodeSnippet(message) {
const from = Math.max(0, i - 10);
const trimmed = from > 0;
const padding = (trimmed ? 4 : 0) + (i - from);
const snippet = [
(trimmed ? "... " : "") + str.slice(from, i + 1),
" ".repeat(padding) + "^",
" ".repeat(padding) + message
].join("\n");
console.log(snippet);
}
}
// Basic tests ----------------------------------------------------------------
const testJS = [{
a: 1,
b: 0x1f,
c: [1, 2, 3],
d: 'foo',
e: {
f: {
g: {
h: null,
},
},
},
i: ['"', '\\', '/', '\b', '\f', '\n', '\r', '\t', '\u0001', '\uface'],
}];
const testJson = JSON.stringify(testJS, null, 4);
const testParseJSON = parseJSON(testJson)
console.assert(
JSON.stringify(JSON.parse(testJson)) === JSON.stringify(testParseJSON),
"The parser does not work the same as JSON.parse"
);
// String literal
console.assert(parseJSON('"foo"') === 'foo', 'The parser failed on a single string literal');
// Error tests ----------------------------------------------------------------
// console.log("Try uncommenting the fail cases and see their error message");
// console.log("↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓");
// Fail cases:
// printFailCase("-");
// printFailCase("-1.");
// printFailCase("1e");
// printFailCase("-1e-2.2");
// printFailCase("{");
// printFailCase("{}{");
// printFailCase('{"a"');
// printFailCase('{"a": "b",');
// printFailCase('{"a":"b""c"');
// printFailCase('{"a":"foo\\}');
// printFailCase('{"a":"foo\\u"}');
// printFailCase("[");
// printFailCase("[][");
// printFailCase("[[]");
// printFailCase('["]');
// function printFailCase(json) {
// try {
// console.log(`parseJSON('${json}')`);
// parseJSON(json);
// } catch (error) {
// console.error(error);
// }
// }
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