the theoretical maximum for an orthographic chording system based on start+vowels+end
3.2 characters per stroke = 1.49 strokes per word
same as above, but with the ability to type common suffixes is the same stroke
3.46 characters per stroke = 1.38 strokes per word
same as first, but not allowed to type same character twice with same hand
3.15 characters per stroke = 1.52 strokes per word
Simulation of using the actual Velotype layout, no suffix strokes
2.98 characters per stroke = 1.622 strokes per word
7% of words take more strokes on real layout than theoretical optimum (first one)
A layout I tried to design based on the co-occurence of letters and other fancy heuristics. It worked out worse than Velotype, turns out Velotype is actually very well designed even though it was done manually. I can't do better using fancy computer models that crunch hundreds of thousands of possibilities.
2.93 characters per stroke
10.4% of words take more strokes on real layout than theoretical optimum (first one)
3.74 characters per stroke = 1.14 strokes per word
3.0 characters per stroke = 1.60 strokes per word
an idea to display most common word on screen that starts with strokes entered so far, if the user wants that word they move on to next word, otherwise they enter the rest of the strokes or type a "don't complete" stroke. This increases efficiency at the cost of needing a feedback loop, which means that very high speeds are not possible because the user needs to incorporate info from the screen into what they are pressing.
4.26 characters per stroke = 1.18 strokes per word