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GitHub Actions is an automation feature provided by GitHub that allows | |
developers to build, test, and deploy their software directly from their | |
repositories. It enables the creation of custom workflows that can be | |
triggered by various events, streamlining and enhancing the software | |
development process. | |
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3 main key components of GitHub Actions are: Workflow, Job, | |
Step, and all of them are attached to a repository | |
╔═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗ | |
║ Code repository ║ A repository may have 1 or more | |
║ ║ workflows. | |
║ ┌────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────┐ ┌────────────────────┐ ║ | |
║ │ Workflow 1 │ │ Workflow 2 │ │ Workflow 3 │ ║ The same, a workflow may have 1 or more | |
║ │ │ │ │ │ │ ║ jobs. A job may have 1 or more steps. | |
║ │ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ │ │ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ │ │ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃ Job 1 ┃ │ │ ┃ Job 1 ┃ │ │ ┃ Job 1 ┃ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ ║ Unlike steps which are run in sequence, | |
║ │ ┃│ Step 1 │┃ │ │ ┃│ Step 1 │┃ │ │ ┃│ Step 1 │┃ │ ║ by default, jobs and workflows are | |
║ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ ║ independent | |
║ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃│ Step 2 │┃ │ │ ┃│ Step 2 │┃ │ │ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃ Job 2 ┃ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ │ │ ┃│ Step 3 │┃ │ │ ┃│ Step 1 │┃ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃ Job 2 ┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃│ Step 1 │┃ │ │ ┃│ Step 4 │┃ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╭──────────────╮┃ │ │ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃│ Step 2 │┃ │ │ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┃╰──────────────╯┃ │ │ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ │ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ │ │ │ │ ║ | |
║ └────────────────────┘ └────────────────────┘ └────────────────────┘ ║ | |
╚═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝ | |
╭ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ╮ ╭ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ╮ ╭ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ╮ | |
Event Event Event | |
╰ ─ ─ ┬ ─ ─ ╯ ╰ ─ ─ ┬ ─ ─ ╯ ╰ ─ ─ ┬ ─ ─ ╯ A workflow is triggered by 1 or multiple events, | |
│ │ │ automatically or manually or scheduled | |
└──┐ ┌───┘ ┌───────────┘ | |
│ │ │ See: | |
┌────────┴───────┴──────┴─────────────────┐ https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflo | |
│ │ ws/events-that-trigger-workflows | |
│ Workflow │ | |
│ │ | |
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
┌ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ┐ A job needs an environment to execute, just like | |
Execute ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ a container of Docker. | |
│Environment ┃ Job ┃ │ | |
┃ ┃ (Note: We can run docker on Github Actions) | |
│ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ | |
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ | |
┌ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ┐ | |
Execute ┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓ By default, jobs are independent, may have | |
│Environment ┃ Job ┃ │ different environments, and run in parallel. | |
┃ ┃ | |
│ ┗━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┛ │ To make a job able to run after another and see | |
─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ ─ the output of the others, we need to explicitly | |
define the dependency | |
╭────────────────────────────────────────╮ | |
│ Step │ A step consists of 1 or more commands and is executed in sequence | |
│ - command 1 │ from top to bottom. | |
│ - command 2 │ | |
│ - command 3 │ If a step is failed, the consequence steps will be skipped unless | |
│ - ... │ it is explicitly defined to be run when error (`if: failure()`), | |
│ │ for example, unit test error report; or always be executed even if | |
│ │ error or not (`if: always()`), for example, clean up resources | |
│ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ │ | |
╰────────────────────────────────────────╯ | |
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A workflow is a yml file under `.github/workflows` directory | |
┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ In this example: | |
│name: My First Workflow │ | |
│ │ - The workflow is named "My First Workflow". | |
│# This workflow is triggered on pushes to the repository. │ | |
│on: [push] │ - The on: [push] line means the workflow is triggered | |
│ │ whenever a push is made to the repository. | |
│jobs: │ | |
│ build: │ - The jobs: section defines a single job called | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ "build". | |
│ │ | |
│ steps: │ - The runs-on: ubuntu-latest line specifies that the | |
│ - name: Check out repository │ job runs on an Ubuntu runner. | |
│ uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ │ - The steps: section defines two steps that are run in | |
│ - name: Run a one-line script │ sequence: | |
│ run: echo Hello, world! │ | |
│ │ - The first step uses the actions/checkout@v3 action | |
│ - name: Run multiple lines script │ to check out the repository. | |
│ run: | │ | |
│ echo Good afternoon │ - The second step runs a one-line script that prints | |
│ echo こ ん に ち は │ "Hello, world!" to the console. | |
│ echo Chào buổi chiều │ | |
│ echo bon après-midi │ - The 3rd step runs a multiple-line script. For | |
│ echo Guten Tag │ multiple lines, we need `|` character | |
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
Let's see a more complicated workflow. | |
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ | |
│ This is the actual workflow of MonoSketch: │ | |
│ name: Code health check https://github.com/tuanchauict/MonoSketch/blob/main │ | |
│ on: /.github/workflows/code-health-check.yml │ | |
│ pull_request: ┃ Events: │ | |
│ push: ┃ - pull request │ | |
│ branches: ┃ - push on main branch │ | |
│ - main ┃ │ | |
│ jobs: │ | |
│ unit_test: │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ - uses: actions/setup-java@v3 ┃ │ | |
│ with: ┃ Setup Java environment │ | |
│ distribution: 'zulu' ┃ │ | |
│ java-version: 17 ┃ │ | |
│ - name: Cache local maven repository ┃ │ | |
│ uses: actions/cache@v3 ┃ │ | |
│ with: ┃ │ | |
│ path: | ┃ │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/caches ┃ Caching │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/wrapper ┃ │ | |
│ key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle', '**/gradle-wrapper.properties') }} ┃ │ | |
│ restore-keys: | ┃ │ | |
│ ${{ runner.os }}-gradle- ┃ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - run: ./gradlew test --continue │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Clean up test result ┃ Prepare test report │ | |
│ if: failure() ┃ Only run if the test fails │ | |
│ run: sh tools/devops/remove_success_test_report ┃ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Publish test result ┃ │ | |
│ uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3 ┃ Publish the test result │ | |
│ if: failure() ┃ Only run if the test fails │ | |
│ with: ┃ │ | |
│ name: test-result ┃ │ | |
│ path: | ┃ │ | |
│ build/reports/tests/ ┃ │ | |
│ app/build/reports/tests/ ┃ │ | |
│ libs/**/reports/tests/ ┃ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ ktlint: │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ - uses: actions/setup-java@v3 │ | |
│ with: │ | |
│ distribution: 'zulu' │ | |
│ java-version: 17 │ | |
│ - name: Cache local maven repository ┃ │ | |
│ uses: actions/cache@v3 ┃ │ | |
│ with: ┃ Caching again │ | |
│ path: | ┃ (I really want to │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/caches ┃ make this shorter, │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/wrapper ┃ but...) │ | |
│ key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle', '**/gradle-wrapper.properties') }} ┃ │ | |
│ restore-keys: | ┃ │ | |
│ ${{ runner.os }}-gradle- ┃ │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - run: ./gradlew ktlint │ | |
│ │ | |
│ assemble: │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ - uses: actions/setup-java@v3 │ | |
│ with: │ | |
│ distribution: 'zulu' │ | |
│ java-version: 17 │ | |
│ - name: Cache local maven repository │ | |
│ uses: actions/cache@v3 │ | |
│ with: │ | |
│ path: | │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/caches │ | |
│ ~/.gradle/wrapper │ | |
│ key: ${{ runner.os }}-gradle-${{ hashFiles('**/*.gradle', '**/gradle-wrapper.properties') }} │ | |
│ restore-keys: | │ | |
│ ${{ runner.os }}-gradle- │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - run: ./gradlew assemble │ | |
│ │ | |
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
Reference: | |
- Cache: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/caching-dependencies-to-speed-up-workflows | |
- Store artifact: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/storing-workflow-data-as-artifacts | |
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▄█ █▀█ █░▀░█ █▀▀ █▄▄ ██▄ | |
Requirement | |
╭─────────────╮if fails ╭─────────────╮ | |
│ ◆──────────────▶ Report ○─────┐ | |
○─────┤ Test │ ╰─────────────╯ ┴ | |
│ ○──────╮ | |
╰─────────────╯ │ | |
│ | |
╭─────────────╮ │ ╭─────────────╮ | |
○─────┤ │ ╭──┴───────▶ Deploy ○─────┐ | |
│ Build ○───╯ ╰─────────────╯ ┴ | |
│ │ | |
╰─────────────╯ | |
┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ name: Build, Test, Deploy, and Report │ | |
│ │ | |
│ on: [push] │ | |
│ │ | |
│ jobs: │ | |
│ build: │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - name: Check out repository │ | |
│ uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Build │ | |
│ run: echo Running build script... │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Upload build artifact │ | |
│ uses: actions/upload-artifact@v2 │ | |
│ with: │ | |
│ name: my-artifact │ | |
│ path: ./path/to/artifact │ | |
│ │ | |
│ test: │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - name: Check out repository │ | |
│ uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Test │ | |
│ run: echo Running test script... │ | |
│ │ | |
│ deploy: │ | |
│ needs: [build, test] │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - name: Check out repository │ | |
│ uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Download build artifact │ | |
│ uses: actions/download-artifact@v3 │ | |
│ with: │ | |
│ name: my-artifact │ | |
│ path: ./path/to/artifact │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Deploy │ | |
│ run: echo Running deploy script... │ | |
│ │ | |
│ report: │ | |
│ needs: [test] │ | |
│ runs-on: ubuntu-latest │ | |
│ if: failure() │ | |
│ │ | |
│ steps: │ | |
│ - name: Check out repository │ | |
│ uses: actions/checkout@v3 │ | |
│ │ | |
│ - name: Report │ | |
│ run: echo Running report script... │ | |
│ │ | |
│ │ | |
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
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█▄▀ ██▄ █░▀░█ █▄█ | |
https://github.com/monosketchapp/sample-actions | |
┌──────────────────────────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Simple Kotlin JS app │ | |
│ │ | |
└──────────────────┬───────────────────┘ | |
│ | |
│ | |
│ | |
┌──────────────────▼───────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Add job to run unit test │ | |
│ │┌────────────────────┐ | |
└──────────────────┬───────────────────┘│ Try error test │ | |
│ └────────────────────┘ | |
│ | |
│ | |
┌──────────────────▼───────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Add job to run build │ | |
│ │ | |
└──────────────────┬───────────────────┘ | |
│ | |
│ | |
│ | |
┌─────────────────▼────────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Store artifact │ | |
│ │ | |
└─────────────────┬────────────────────┘ | |
│ | |
│ | |
│ | |
┌─────────────────▼────────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Apply cache │ | |
│ │ | |
└──────────────────┬───────────────────┘ | |
│ | |
│ | |
│ | |
┌──────────────────▼───────────────────┐ | |
│ │ | |
│ Generate test fail report │ | |
│ │ | |
└──────────────────────────────────────┘ | |
Small pick | |
How to run GitHub Actions locally: | |
- https://github.com/nektos/act |
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