Доля нефтегазовых доходов в федеральном бюджете России по годам

fedbud.R

library(tidyverse)
# library(readxl)
library(scales)
library(openxlsx)

# fedbud <- read_excel("fedbud_month.xlsx",
# sheet = "месяц", skip = 2)

url <-
  "https://minfin.gov.ru/common/upload/library/2022/08/main/fedbud_month.xlsx"
fedbud <- read.xlsx(url, sheet = "месяц", startRow = 3)


fedbud <- fedbud %>%
  mutate(income = paste(`X1`, `РАЗДЕЛ.I`)) %>%
  slice(1:13) %>%
  select(-`X1`,-`РАЗДЕЛ.I`,-contains("**")) %>%
  pivot_longer(!income, names_to = "date", values_to = "income_rub") %>%
  mutate(
    date = lubridate::as_date(as.numeric(date), origin = "1899-12-30"),
    year = lubridate::year(date),
    month = lubridate::month(date)
  )

fedbud %>%
  filter(
    month == 12 &
      (
        income == "1.1. Нефтегазовые доходы" |
          income == "1.2. Ненефтегазовые доходы"
      )
  ) %>%
  mutate(income = factor(
    income,
    levels = c("1.2. Ненефтегазовые доходы",
               "1.1. Нефтегазовые доходы"),
    labels = c("Ненефтегазовые",
               "Нефтегазовые")
  )) %>%
  group_by(year) %>%
  mutate(sum_income = sum(income_rub)) %>% ungroup() %>%
  mutate(
    percent = round((income_rub / sum_income), 2),
    text_color = ifelse(income == "Ненефтегазовые", "gray20", "brown")
  ) %>%
  ggplot(aes(
    fill = income,
    y = percent,
    x = year,
    order = income
  )) +
  geom_bar(position = "fill", stat = "identity") +
  geom_text(
    aes(label = paste0(percent * 100, "%"), colour = income),
    position = position_stack(vjust = 0.5),
    size = 4.5,
    show.legend = FALSE
  ) +
  scale_color_manual(values = c("gray60", "#372917")) +
  scale_x_continuous(breaks = seq(2011, 2022, 1), expand = c(0, 0)) +
  scale_y_continuous(expand = c(0, 0)) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = c("gray90", "#d1b490")) +
  labs(title = "C 2015 года доля нефтегазовых доходов\nв федеральном бюджете России сокращается",
       subtitle = "На июнь 2022 года доля нефтегазовых доходов составляет 45%",
       caption = "Данные: Минфин России, август 2022\nВизуализация: Юрий Тукачев, октябрь 2022") +
  theme(
    text = element_text(family = "Open Sans", size = 18),
    axis.title.x = element_blank(),
    axis.title.y = element_blank(),
    plot.margin = margin(25, 25, 10, 25),
    plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 14, color = "gray50"),
    plot.caption = element_text(
      size = 12,
      color = "gray50",
      margin = margin(20, 0, 0, 0)
    ),
    plot.title.position = "plot",
    panel.background = element_blank(),
    legend.position = "top",
    legend.title = element_blank(),
    axis.text.y = element_blank(),
    axis.ticks = element_blank()
  )

ggsave(
  "budjet.png",
  dpi = 300,
  width = 5,
  height = 5,
  scale = 1.5
)