WordPress backup script.

wordpress_backup.sh

#!/bin/bash

# Variables.
backup_dir="backups"
files_dir="/var/www/yoursite" # Don't add trailing slash.
max_backups=14 # Two weeks.
database_name="yoursite"
timezone="US/Eastern"

# Check if script is running as root.
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
    echo "Please run as root."
    exit
fi

# Automatically create cron entry.
path_to_script=$(realpath $BASH_SOURCE)
filename=`basename "$0"`

# If cron entry doesn't exist.
if ! crontab -l | grep -q $filename; then
    echo "Adding cron entry..."
    crontab -l > cron

    if [[ ! -f "cron" ]]; then
        echo "Unable to create cron file."
        exit
    fi

    # Every day at 3 AM.
    echo "0 3 * * * $path_to_script" >> cron

    crontab cron
    rm cron
fi

# Sanity checks.
if [ "$backup_dir" = "" ]; then
    echo "Backup directory can't be empty."
    exit
elif [ "$backup_dir" = "/" ]; then
    echo "Backup directory can't be root directory."
    exit
fi

if [[ ! -d "$files_dir" ]]; then
   echo "Files directory doesn't exist."
   exit
fi

mysql_data_dir=$(mysql -N -B -e "select @@datadir;")

if [[ ! -d "$mysql_data_dir$database_name" ]]; then
    echo "Database doesn't exist."
    exit
fi

# Create backup directory if it doesn't already exist.
mkdir -p $backup_dir

if [[ ! -d "$backup_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Unable to create backup directory."
    exit
fi

# Remove old backups.
while true; do
    # Count number of backup files in backups directory.
    backup_files=($backup_dir/*.tar.gz)
    backup_count=${#backup_files[@]}

    # Number of backups exceeds limit.
    if [ "$backup_count" -gt "$max_backups" ]; then
        echo "Backup limit exceeded."
        oldest_file=$(find $backup_dir -type f -name '*.tar.gz' -printf '%T+ %f\n' | sort | head -n 1 | awk '{print $2}')

        # Sanity check. Make sure file extension is correct before deleting.
        if [ "${oldest_file: -7}" = ".tar.gz" ]; then
            echo "Deleting $oldest_file..."
            rm -f $backup_dir/$oldest_file
        fi
    # Backup limit not exceeded.
    else
        break
    fi
done

# Create temporary directory for backup.
uuid=$(uuidgen)
now=$(TZ=":$timezone" date)
now=${now// /-} # Replace spaces with hyphens.
now=${now//:/-} # Replace colons with hyphens.
temp_dir="${now}_$uuid"
mkdir -p $backup_dir/$temp_dir

if [[ ! -d "$backup_dir/$temp_dir" ]]; then
    echo "Unable to create temporary directory."
    exit
fi

# Backup MySQL database.
echo "Dumping MySQL database..."
mysqldump $database_name > $backup_dir/$temp_dir/database.sql

# Copy files before archiving.
# Avoids tar "file changed as we read it" error for live sites.
echo "Copying web files..."
mkdir -p $backup_dir/$temp_dir/files
rsync -a $files_dir/ $backup_dir/$temp_dir/files

# Backup files.
echo "Archiving web files..."

# Add web files to 'files' folder in archive.
tar -C $backup_dir/$temp_dir -cf $backup_dir/$temp_dir/backup.tar files

# Append database to end of archive.
echo "Append database to archive..."
tar -C $backup_dir/$temp_dir -rf $backup_dir/$temp_dir/backup.tar database.sql

# Compress archive with gzip.
echo "Compressing archive..."
gzip $backup_dir/$temp_dir/backup.tar

# Clean up temp files.
echo "Cleaning up..."

# Move archive to main backups directory.
mv $backup_dir/$temp_dir/backup.tar.gz $backup_dir/$temp_dir.tar.gz

# Remove temp directory.
# Todo: add sanity check to make sure fs isn't wiped out.
rm -rf $backup_dir/$temp_dir

# Done.
echo "Done!"

Todo:

• Daily, weekly, monthly backups.
• Sync to S3 or Dropbox.

See:

• https://www.jonathan.vc/tech/2020/02/automate-wordpress-backup-amazon-s3-script
• https://gist.github.com/dingman/177d25471fc4fcca0ac8ed2c3939de15
• https://sarathlal.com/bash-script-automated-wordpress-backup/
• https://guides.wp-bullet.com/automatically-back-wordpress-dropbox-wp-cli-bash-script/