If you want to insert file name, line number and function name to logging functions (this script needs redbaron installed)

apply_log.py

import redbaron
import re


logfunctions = ['info', 'warning', 'error', 'critical', 'exception']


#If you dont use the logger.info('text',...) format, change this code
def should_handle(node):
    parent = node.parent
    return node.value in logfunctions and \
           isinstance(parent, redbaron.nodes.AtomtrailersNode) and \
           node.index_on_parent == 1 and len(parent) >= 2 and \
           parent[node.index_on_parent - 1].value == 'logger'


# This should be the formatted text you want
def format(filename, lineno, funcname=None):
    return '[%s:%d:%s] ' % (filename, lineno, funcname) \
           if funcname else '[%s:%d] ' % (filename, lineno)


# This should remove the formatting to reapply it
def format_remove(s):
    match = re.match("\"\[\S+:\d+:\S+] ", s)
    if match:
        return s[0] + s[match.end():]
    else:
        return s


# Call this with remove, to remove it before putting it back
# in code repository
def process_file(filename, remove=False):
    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
        d = f.read()

    ast = redbaron.RedBaron(d)

    for node in ast.find_all('name', should_handle):
        lineno = node.absolute_bounding_box.top_left.line
        funcname = node.parent_find('def')
        if funcname:
            funcname = funcname.name
        node_to_change = node.parent[node.index_on_parent + 1][0].value
        node_to_change.value = format_remove(node_to_change.value)
        if not remove:
            node_to_change.value = node_to_change.value[0] + \
             format(filename, lineno, funcname) + node_to_change.value[1:]

    data = ast.dumps()
    with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
        f.write(data)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    process_file('demo.py')

    node_to_change = node.parent[node.index_on_parent + 1][0]
    #self.logger.error("eeeee {}".format(555))
    node_value=str(node_to_change.value)   # treat "eeeee {}".format(555)   as a whole value.
    if not remove:
        node_to_change.value = '"{} {{}}".format({})'.format(format(filename, lineno, funcname),node_value)
    else:
        node_to_change.value = format_remove(node_value)

Your situation only applies to pure strings. I made some improvements on your basis.