test.js

//Doesnt work
class MyClass {
    constructor(value) {
        this.val = value;
    }

    printMessage() {
        console.log("CLASS", this.val);
    }
}

function MyOtherClass(value) {
    this.val = value;
}

MyOtherClass.prototype.printMessage = function() {
    console.log("MyOtherClass", this.val);
}

//Works
class MyBindedClass {
    constructor(value) {
        this.val = value;
        this.printMessage = this.printMessage.bind(this);
    }

    printMessage() {
        console.log("MyBindedClass", this.val);
    }
}

function MyNewClass(value) {
    const self = this;
    self.val = value

    this.printMessage = function() {
        console.log("MyNewClass", self.val);
    }
}

function createNewObj(val) {
    function printMessage() {
        console.log("CLOSURE", val);
    }

    return {
        printMessage
    };
}

//Works
const myClosureObj = createNewObj(456);
const myNewobj = new MyNewClass(444);
const myBindedObj = new MyBindedClass(456);

//Doesnt work
const myObj = new MyClass(123);
const myOtherObj = new MyOtherClass(999);

//Works
setTimeout(myClosureObj.printMessage, 10);
setTimeout(myNewobj.printMessage, 10);
setTimeout(myBindedObj.printMessage, 10);

//Doesnt work
setTimeout(myObj.printMessage, 10);
setTimeout(myOtherObj.printMessage, 10);