snippets.py

# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1143671/how-to-sort-objects-by-multiple-keys-in-python/29849371

people = [
{ 'name': 'John', "age": 64 },
{ 'name': 'Janet', "age": 34 },
{ 'name': 'Ed', "age": 24 },
{ 'name': 'Sara', "age": 64 },
{ 'name': 'John', "age": 32 },
{ 'name': 'Jane', "age": 34 },
{ 'name': 'John', "age": 99 },
]

people.sort(key=operator.itemgetter('age'))
people.sort(key=operator.itemgetter('name'))

# list comprehensions

mylist = [i for i in range(10)]
print(mylist)
# [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
print(squares)
# [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

def some_function(a):
    return (a + 5) / 2
    
my_formula = [some_function(i) for i in range(10)]
print(my_formula)
# [2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0]

filtered = [i for i in range(20) if i%2==0]
print(filtered)
# [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]

# memory

import sys

mylist = range(0, 10000)
print(sys.getsizeof(mylist))
# 48

import sys

myreallist = [x for x in range(0, 10000)]
print(sys.getsizeof(myreallist))
# 87632

# data classes
# https://realpython.com/python-data-classes/
# https://www.attrs.org/en/stable/examples.html


from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Card:
    rank: str
    suit: str
    
card = Card("Q", "hearts")

print(card == card)
# True

print(card.rank)
# 'Q'

print(card)
Card(rank='Q', suit='hearts')

# attrs package
@attrs
class Person(object):
    name = attrib(default='John')
    surname = attrib(default='Doe')
    age = attrib(init=False)
    
p = Person()
print(p)
p = Person('Bill', 'Gates')
p.age = 60
print(p)

# Output: 
#   Person(name='John', surname='Doe', age=NOTHING)
#   Person(name='Bill', surname='Gates', age=60)

# dictionaries

dict1 = { 'a': 1, 'b': 2 }
dict2 = { 'b': 3, 'c': 4 }
merged = { **dict1, **dict2 }
print (merged)
# {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}

#In Python 3.9, merging dictionaries becomes even cleaner. The above merge in Python 3.9 can be rewritten as:
merged = dict1 | dict2

#Most Frequently Occurring Value

test = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 4]
print(max(set(test), key = test.count))
# 4

# Return Multiple Values

def get_user(id):
    # fetch user from database
    # ....
    return name, birthdate

name, birthdate = get_user(4)