Update the timestamps of a directory tree with the ones from a different tree

sync_tree_timestamps.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3

"""
Update the timestamps of a directory tree with the ones from a different 
tree.  Optionally timestamps can be changed only for directories or for 
files, or only when they are older or newer.

Requeriments:
- python 3.3+
- pywin32 (Windows, to sync also creation date, optional)


Copyright (C) 2014  Diego Fernández Gosende <dfgosende@gmail.com>

This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along 
with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html>.
"""


version = '0.1.0'

excluded_paths = '$RECYCLE.BIN', 'System Volume Information'


import os
import sys
import builtins


def print(*args, **kwargs):
    """Replace characters that can't be printed to console"""
    builtins.print(*(str(arg).encode(sys.stdout.encoding, 'backslashreplace')
                             .decode(sys.stdout.encoding) 
                     for arg in args), **kwargs)

try:
    import win32file, win32con, pywintypes
except ImportError as err:
    import datetime
    pywin32_err = str(err)
    AccessDeniedError = PermissionError
    
    
    def get_file_times(filename):
        stat = os.stat(filename)
        return stat.st_ctime_ns, stat.st_atime_ns, stat.st_mtime_ns
    
    def set_file_times(filename, times):
        os.utime(filename, ns=times[1:])

else:
    pywin32_err = None
    AccessDeniedError = pywintypes.error
    
    def get_file_times(filename):
        filehandle = win32file.CreateFileW(
            filename, 
            win32con.GENERIC_READ,
            win32con.FILE_SHARE_READ | win32con.FILE_SHARE_WRITE \
                                     | win32con.FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            None, 
            win32con.OPEN_EXISTING,
            win32con.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 
            None)
        c, a, m = win32file.GetFileTime(filehandle) 
        filehandle.close()
        return c, a, m

    def set_file_times(filename, times):
        filehandle = win32file.CreateFileW(
            filename, 
            win32con.GENERIC_WRITE,
            win32con.FILE_SHARE_READ | win32con.FILE_SHARE_WRITE \
                                     | win32con.FILE_SHARE_DELETE,
            None, 
            win32con.OPEN_EXISTING,
            win32con.FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, 
            None)
        win32file.SetFileTime(filehandle, *times)
        filehandle.close()

def _get_timestamp_str(ts):
    if pywin32_err:
        return str(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(ts / 10**9))
    ts = ts.astimezone()
    return '{} {}'.format(ts.date(), ts.time())

def sync_file_timestamps(source_path, target_path, ctime=None, atime=None, 
                         mtime=None, time_crit=None, dry_run=None, 
                         verbose=None):
    if dry_run is None:
        dry_run = False
    if verbose is None:
        verbose = False
    if ctime is None:
        ctime = True
    if atime is None:
        atime = True
    if mtime is None:
        mtime = True
    if not (ctime or atime or mtime):
        return
    if verbose:
        print('\n{}\n{}'.format(source_path, target_path))
    try:
        s_times = get_file_times(source_path)
        t_times = get_file_times(target_path)
    except AccessDeniedError as err:
        if verbose:
            print('  {}'.format(err.strerror))
        return
    n_times = [None, None, None]
    for i, time_type, s_time, t_time in zip(range(3), 
                                 ('ctime', 'atime', 'mtime'), s_times, t_times):
        if not eval(time_type):
            continue
        if (time_crit == 'older' and t_time > s_time or 
            time_crit == 'newer' and t_time < s_time or 
            time_crit is None    and t_time != s_time):
            if verbose:
                print('  {}: old: {}\n         new: {}'.format(time_type, 
                        _get_timestamp_str(t_time), _get_timestamp_str(s_time)))
            n_times[i] = s_time
        elif verbose:
            print('  {}: unchanged'.format(time_type))
    if not dry_run and any(n_times):
        if pywin32_err:
            if n_times[1] and not n_times[2]:
                n_times[2] = t_times[2]
            if n_times[2] and not n_times[1]:
                n_times[1] = t_times[1]
        try:
            set_file_times(target_path, n_times)
        except AccessDeniedError as err:
            if verbose:
                print('  {}'.format(err.strerror))
            return

def sync_tree_timestamps(source_tree, target_tree, ctime=None, atime=None, 
                         mtime=None, type_crit=None, time_crit=None, 
                         dry_run=None, verbose=None):
    for target_dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk(target_tree):
        if type_crit != 'directories':
            for filename in filenames:
                target_file = os.path.join(target_dirpath, filename) 
                target_file_lower = target_file.lower()
                for excluded_path in excluded_paths:
                    if excluded_path in target_file_lower:
                        break
                else:
                    source_file = os.path.join(source_tree, 
                             os.path.relpath(target_file, target_tree))
                    if os.path.isfile(source_file):
                        sync_file_timestamps(source_file, target_file, ctime, 
                                      atime, mtime, time_crit, dry_run, verbose)
        if type_crit != 'files':
            for dirname in dirnames:
                target_dir = os.path.join(target_dirpath, dirname) 
                target_dir_lower = target_dir.lower()
                for excluded_path in excluded_paths:
                    if excluded_path in target_dir_lower:
                        break
                else:
                    source_dir = os.path.join(source_tree, 
                              os.path.relpath(target_dir, target_tree))
                    if os.path.isdir(source_dir):
                        sync_file_timestamps(source_dir, target_dir, ctime, 
                                      atime, mtime, time_crit, dry_run, verbose)

excluded_paths = [path.lower() for path in excluded_paths]


if __name__ == '__main__':


    import argparse
    import shutil
    import atexit
    
    atexit.register(input, '\nPress Return to finish...')
    
    # Check arguments as paths. Added 'directory' and 'executable' keywords
    class CheckPathAction(argparse.Action):
        
        def __init__(self, option_strings, dest, **kwargs):
            self.is_directory = kwargs.pop('directory', None)
            self.is_executable = kwargs.pop('executable', False)
            if self.is_executable:
                self.is_directory = False
            argparse.Action.__init__(self, option_strings, dest, **kwargs)
        
        def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
            if self.is_directory is None:
                path_type = 'path'
                path_exists = os.path.exists
            elif self.is_directory:
                path_type = 'directory'
                path_exists = os.path.isdir
            else:
                path_type = 'file'
                if self.is_executable:
                    path_exists = shutil.which 
                else:
                    path_exists = os.path.isfile
            if isinstance(values, str):
                values = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(values))
                if not path_exists(values):
                    parser.error('the parameter passed is not a {}\n  {}\n'
                                 .format(path_type, values))
            else:
                for i, path in enumerate(values):
                    path = os.path.expandvars(os.path.expanduser(path))
                    if not path_exists(path):
                        parser.error('the parameter passed is not a {}\n  {}\n'
                                     .format(path_type, path))
                    values[i] = path
            setattr(namespace, self.dest, values)
    
    
    # Parse command line, check and report settings
    name = os.path.basename(__file__)
    description, license1, license2 = __doc__.rpartition('\nCopyright')
    license = license1 + license2
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=name, description=description, 
        epilog=license, formatter_class=argparse.RawDescriptionHelpFormatter)
    parser.add_argument('-V', '--version', action='version', 
                        version='{} v{}\n{}'.format(name, version, license))
    parser.add_argument('-v', '--verbose', 
                        action='store_true', default=False,
                        help='show detailed info')
    parser.add_argument('-dr', '--dry-run', 
                        action='store_true', default=False,
                        help='don\'t change timestamps, implies --verbose')
    parser.add_argument('-nc', '--no-ctime', dest='ctime', 
                        action='store_false', default=True,
                        help='don\'t sync creation time (Windows)')
    parser.add_argument('-na', '--no-atime', dest='atime', 
                        action='store_false', default=True,
                        help='don\'t sync access time')
    parser.add_argument('-nm', '--no-mtime', dest='mtime', 
                        action='store_false', default=True,
                        help='don\'t sync modification time')
    type_crit = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    type_crit.add_argument('-f', '--files', dest='type_crit', 
                        action='store_const', const='files', 
                        help='only update file timestamps')
    type_crit.add_argument('-d', '--directories', dest='type_crit', 
                        action='store_const', const='directories', 
                        help='only update directory timestamps')
    time_crit = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
    time_crit.add_argument('-o', '--older', dest='time_crit', 
                        action='store_const', const='older', 
                        help='only update timestamps if the ones in '
                        'source_tree are older')
    time_crit.add_argument('-n', '--newer', dest='time_crit', 
                        action='store_const', const='newer', 
                        help='only update timestamps if the ones in '
                        'source_tree are newer')
    parser.add_argument('source_tree', 
                        action=CheckPathAction, directory=True, 
                        help='specify the source directory tree')
    parser.add_argument('target_tree', 
                        action=CheckPathAction, directory=True, 
                        help='specify the target directory tree')
    settings = parser.parse_args()
    if settings.verbose:
        ts_list = []
        if settings.ctime and os.name == 'nt':
            ts_list.append('creation')
        if settings.atime:
            ts_list.append('access')
        if settings.mtime:
            ts_list.append('modification')
        settings_str = ('{} v{}\n\n'
                        'Source tree: {s.source_tree}\n'
                        'Target tree: {s.target_tree}\n'
                        'Timestamps to be updated: {}\n').format(
                                  name, version, ', '.join(ts_list), s=settings)
        if settings.type_crit is not None:
            settings_str += 'Only sync {}\n'.format(settings.type_crit)
        if settings.time_crit is not None:
            settings_str += 'Only sync {} timestamps\n'.format(
                                                             settings.time_crit)
        if settings.dry_run:
            settings_str += 'Dry run\n'
        print(settings_str)
    else:
        atexit.unregister(input)
    if pywin32_err and settings.ctime:
        if os.name == 'nt':
            print('Error importing pywin32: {}\nCan\'t change creation date\n'
                  .format(pywin32_err), file=sys.stderr)
        settings.ctime = False
    if not (settings.ctime or settings.atime or settings.mtime):
        parser.error('at least one timestamp must be updated')
    
    # Sync timestamps
    sync_tree_timestamps(settings.source_tree, settings.target_tree, 
                         settings.ctime, settings.atime, settings.mtime, 
                         settings.type_crit, settings.time_crit, 
                         settings.dry_run, settings.verbose)