Hi Julian,
I hope this helps to elucidate the inner workings of Ethereum. I have chosen to focus on 2 concepts: accounts and contracts. This should provie a platform on which to converse and grow our understanding. There are many more terms associated with the blockchain, such as cryptographic economics, tokens, protocols, etc. I'd be happy to discuss with these you if you're keen.
First let's cover the concept of accounts. There are 2 types of accounts in ethereum: Contract and Externally Owned (EO) accounts. Both account types have 2 important features:
- An address
- The means by which accounts are identified on the blockchain. This makes it possible for accounts to communicate with each other.