MSGraphNoSPFx.js

(function ($) {
    'use strict';
    $(document).ready(function () {
        getMSGraphAccessToken().then(function (msGraphToken) {
            $.ajax({
                url: "https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/groups",
                headers: {
                    "Accept": "application/json",
                    "Authorization": "Bearer " + msGraphToken
                },
                success: function (data) {
                    console.log(data);
                },
                error: function (jqxr, errorCode, errorThrown) {
                    console.log(jqxr.responseText);
                }
            });
        })
    });

    function getMSGraphAccessToken() {
        var deferred = new jQuery.Deferred();
        var requestHeaders = {
            'X-RequestDigest': $("#__REQUESTDIGEST").val(),
            "accept": "application/json;odata=nometadata",
            "content-type": "application/json;odata=nometadata"
        };
        var resourceData = {
            "resource": "https://graph.microsoft.com",
        };
        $.ajax({
            url: _spPageContextInfo.webAbsoluteUrl + "/_api/SP.OAuth.Token/Acquire",
            headers: requestHeaders,
            type: "POST",
            data: JSON.stringify(resourceData),
            success: function (data) {
                console.log(data);
                var msGraphToken = data.access_token;
                deferred.resolve(msGraphToken);
            },
            error: function (jqxr, errorCode, errorThrown) {
                console.log(jqxr.responseText);
                deferred.reject(jqxr.responseText);
            }
        });
        return deferred.promise();
    }
})(jQuery);