app_autoload.php

<?php

use Doctrine\Common\Annotations\AnnotationRegistry;
use Composer\Autoload\ClassLoader;

/**
 * @var ClassLoader $loader
 */
$loader = require __DIR__.'/../vendor/autoload.php';

AnnotationRegistry::registerLoader(array($loader, 'loadClass'));

if (class_exists('PHPUnit_Runner_Version')) {
    set_include_path(get_include_path() . PATH_SEPARATOR . __DIR__.'/../vendor/mockery/mockery/library/');
    require_once('Mockery/Loader.php');
    $mockeryLoader = new \Mockery\Loader;
    $mockeryLoader->register();
}

return $loader;

composer.json

{
    "name": "symfony/framework-standard-edition",
    "license": "MIT",
    "type": "project",
    "description": "The \"Symfony Standard Edition\" distribution",
    "autoload": {
        "psr-0": { "": "src/" }
    },
    "require": {
        "php": ">=5.3.3",
        "symfony/symfony": "2.3.*",
        "doctrine/orm": "~2.2,>=2.2.3",
        "doctrine/doctrine-bundle": "1.2.*",
        "twig/extensions": "1.0.*",
        "symfony/assetic-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "symfony/swiftmailer-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "symfony/monolog-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "sensio/distribution-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "sensio/framework-extra-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "sensio/generator-bundle": "2.3.*",
        "incenteev/composer-parameter-handler": "~2.0"
    },
    "require-dev": {
        "mockery/mockery": "0.9.1",
        "phpunit/phpunit": "4.1.3"
    },
    "scripts": {
        "post-install-cmd": [
            "Incenteev\\ParameterHandler\\ScriptHandler::buildParameters",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::buildBootstrap",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::clearCache",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::installAssets",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::installRequirementsFile"
        ],
        "post-update-cmd": [
            "Incenteev\\ParameterHandler\\ScriptHandler::buildParameters",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::buildBootstrap",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::clearCache",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::installAssets",
            "Sensio\\Bundle\\DistributionBundle\\Composer\\ScriptHandler::installRequirementsFile"
        ]
    },
    "config": {
        "bin-dir": "bin"
    },
    "minimum-stability": "stable",
    "extra": {
        "symfony-app-dir": "app",
        "symfony-web-dir": "web",
        "incenteev-parameters": {
            "file": "app/config/parameters.yml"
        },
        "branch-alias": {
            "dev-master": "2.3-dev"
        }
    }
}

output with step 3

vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-quantal-64:/var/www$ bin/phpunit -c app/phpunit.xml
PHPUnit 4.1.3 by Sebastian Bergmann.

Configuration read from /var/www/app/phpunit.xml

.

Time: 2.42 seconds, Memory: 29.75Mb

OK (1 test, 1 assertion)

output without step 3

vagrant@vagrant-ubuntu-quantal-64:/var/www$ bin/phpunit -c app/phpunit.xml
PHP Warning:  require_once(/var/www/app/Mockery/Adapter/Phpunit/TestListener.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/TestRunner.php on line 740
PHP Stack trace:
PHP   1. {main}() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:0
PHP   2. PHPUnit_TextUI_Command::main() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:55
PHP   3. PHPUnit_TextUI_Command->run() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:132
PHP   4. PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner->doRun() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:179
PHP   5. PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner->handleConfiguration() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/TestRunner.php:188
PHP Fatal error:  require_once(): Failed opening required '/var/www/app/Mockery/Adapter/Phpunit/TestListener.php' (include_path='/var/www/vendor/phpunit/php-text-template:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit-mock-objects:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/php-timer:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/php-token-stream:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/php-file-iterator:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/php-code-coverage:/var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit:/var/www/vendor/symfony/yaml:.:/usr/share/php:/usr/share/pear') in /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/TestRunner.php on line 740
PHP Stack trace:
PHP   1. {main}() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:0
PHP   2. PHPUnit_TextUI_Command::main() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/phpunit:55
PHP   3. PHPUnit_TextUI_Command->run() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:132
PHP   4. PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner->doRun() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/Command.php:179
PHP   5. PHPUnit_TextUI_TestRunner->handleConfiguration() /var/www/vendor/phpunit/phpunit/src/TextUI/TestRunner.php:188

phpunit.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!-- http://phpunit.de/manual/current/en/appendixes.configuration.html -->
<phpunit
    backupGlobals               = "false"
    backupStaticAttributes      = "false"
    colors                      = "true"
    convertErrorsToExceptions   = "true"
    convertNoticesToExceptions  = "true"
    convertWarningsToExceptions = "true"
    processIsolation            = "false"
    stopOnFailure               = "false"
    syntaxCheck                 = "false"
    bootstrap                   = "bootstrap.php.cache" >

    <testsuites>
        <testsuite name="Project Test Suite">
            <directory>../src/*/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
            <directory>../src/*/Bundle/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
        </testsuite>
    </testsuites>

    <!--
    <php>
        <server name="KERNEL_DIR" value="/path/to/your/app/" />
    </php>
    -->

    <filter>
        <whitelist>
            <directory>../src</directory>
            <exclude>
                <directory>../src/*/*Bundle/Resources</directory>
                <directory>../src/*/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
                <directory>../src/*/Bundle/*Bundle/Resources</directory>
                <directory>../src/*/Bundle/*Bundle/Tests</directory>
            </exclude>
        </whitelist>
    </filter>

    <listeners>
        <listener class="\Mockery\Adapter\Phpunit\TestListener"
            file="Mockery/Adapter/Phpunit/TestListener.php">
        </listener>
    </listeners>

</phpunit>