string_format.py

tag = 'h1'
text 'This is a headline'
sentence = '<{0}>{1}</{0}>'.format(tag, text)
 
person = {'name': 'Jenn', 'age': 23}
sentence = 'My name is {0[name]} and I am {0[age]} years old.'.format(person)
# can do the same for attributes, e.g., {0.name}, or list {0[0]}

# You can just unpack a dictionary!
sentence = 'My name is {name} and I am {age} years old.'.format(**person)
 
# : adds formatting
{:02}   # pads two integers
{:.2f}  # two decimal places
{:,}    # adds comma separators for large values
{:,.2f} # you can chain formatting
 
import datetime
my_date datetime.datetime(2016, 9, 24, 12, 30, 45)

sentence = '{:%B %d, %Y}'.format(my_date)


# Padding - Strings
'{:>10}'.format('test') # Right
'{:10}'.format('test')  # Left
'{:<{}s}'.format('test', 8) # Pass padding as argument
'{:_<10}'.format('test') # Choosing padding character
'{:^10}'.format('test') # Center align
'{:.5}'.format('xylophone') # Truncation
'{:.{}}'.format('xylophone', 7) # Truncation by argument
'{:10.5}'.format('xylophone') # Truncation and padding


# Numbers
'{:d}'.format(42) # Integers
'{:f}'.format(3.141592653589793) # Float
'{:4d}'.format(42) # Integer padding spaces
'{:04d}'.format(42) # Integer padding with zeros
'{:06.2f}'.format(3.141592653589793) # Float padding
'{:+d}'.format(42) # Signing positive numbers too
'{: d}'.format(42) # Format a negative, or a space for positive


# https://pyformat.info/