timwords.js

const findWord = rules => {
  let word = rules.join('').replace(/\>/g, '').split('').filter((v, i, a) => a.indexOf(v) === i);

  console.log('base characters:', word);

  let done = false;

  while (!done) {
    done = true;
    
    for (let i = 0; i < rules.length; i++) {
      let rule = rules[i];
      let firstLetter = rule[0];
      let secondLetter = rule[2];

      if (word.indexOf(firstLetter) > word.indexOf(secondLetter)) {
        console.log('rule broken:', firstLetter, word.indexOf(firstLetter), secondLetter, word.indexOf(secondLetter));

        word.splice(word.indexOf(firstLetter), 1);
        word.splice(word.indexOf(secondLetter), 0, firstLetter);
  
        done = false;
      }

      console.log('current form:', word.join(''));
    }
  }

  return word.join('');
}

console.log(findWord(["U>N", "G>A", "R>Y", "H>U", "N>G", "A>R"])); // HUNGARY
console.log(findWord(["I>F", "W>I", "S>W", "F>T"])); // SWIFT
console.log(findWord(["R>T", "A>L", "P>O", "O>R", "G>A", "T>U", "U>G"])); // PORTUGAL
console.log(findWord(["W>I", "R>L", "T>Z", "Z>E", "S>W", "E>R", "L>A", "A>N", "N>D", "I>T"])); // SWITZERLAND