This Gist shows the current syntax of the Squiggle programming language, along with other ideas about how the syntax could look.

current.sqg.rb

### Imports

let {JSON, document, console} = global

### Basic data

let namedConstants = [true, false, null, undefined]
let numbers = [1, 2, 1_000, 3.14, NaN, -Infinity]
let strings = ["hello,\n", "\u{20}", "\"world\"\u{2757}"]
let arrays = [[], [1, 2], [3, [[4]], [5]]]
let objects = [
    {},
    {a: "b"},
    {key: 400, "first name": "Fatima"},
    {("a" ++ "b"): "ab"}
]

### Trivial functions

let alwaysFourA = fn() 4
let incrementA = fn(x) x + 1

def alwaysFourB() = 4

def incrementB(x) = x + 1

def curriedAddThree(a) =
    fn(b) fn(c) a + b + c

### First multi-line example

def addStringsAsNumbers(x, y) =
    let x = Number(x)
    let y = Number(y)
    in x + y

### Named this example

def methodShowXLater(@this) =
    setTimeout(fn() console.log(this.x), 300)

### Variadic function

def max(...xs) =
    Math.max.apply(null, xs)

### Basic recursive function, obligatory factorial

def factorialA(n) =
    if n < 0 then
        error "cannot factorial of " ++ n.toString()
    else if n == 0 or n == 1 then
        1
    else
        n * factorialA(n - 1)

def factorialB(n) =
    match n
    case 0 => 1
    case n => n * factorialB(n - 1)

### Working with a custom data type using just functions

def makePointA(x, y) = {x, y}

def pointAdd(a, b) =
    let {x: ax, y: ay} = a
    let {x: bx, y: by} = b
    in makePointA(ax + bx, ay + by)

### Working with a custom data type using prototypes and methods

let pointProto = {
    add: fn(@this, that)
        makePointB(this.x + that.x, this.y + that.y),

    scale: fn(@this, n)
        let _ = console.log("DEBUG: scaling by", n)
        in makePointB(this.x * n, this.y * n)
}

def makePointB(x, y) =
    # This will be frozen and have the right prototype thanks to the `~` op
    Object.create(pointProto) ~ {x, y}

### Working with updating objects

def updateNameA(person, name) =
    if not person has "name" then
        error "person didn't alreay have a name field"
    else
        person ~ {name}

def updateNameB(person, name) =
    match person
    case {name: _} =>
        person ~  {name}

### Pattern match heavy algorithms

def sort(items) =
    match items
    case [] => []
    case [x, ...xs] =>
        let lt = xs.filter(fn(y, _, _) y < x)
        let gt = xs.filter(fn(y, _, _) y >= x)
        in sort(lt) ++ [x] ++ sort(gt)

def map(f, xs) =
    match xs
    case [] => []
    case [x, ...xs] => [f(x)] ++ map(f, xs)

### Sneaky log stuff

def sneakyLogA(x) =
    let _ = console.log(x)
    in x

def tap(f, x) =
    let _ = f(x)
    in x

def sneakyLogB(x) =
    tap(console::log, x)

### Lots of cases

def numberToEnglishA(n) =
    if n == 1 then "one"
    else if n == 2 then "two"
    else if n == 3 then "three"
    else if n == 4 then "four"
    else "some other number"

def numberToEnglishB(n) =
    match n
    case 1 => "one"
    case 2 => "two"
    case 3 => "three"
    case 4 => "four"
    case _ => "some other number"

### Try example

def safeParse(text) =
    match try JSON.parse(text)
    case ["ok", obj] => obj
    case ["fail", _] => {}

### Await example

def saveProfilePic(userId) =
    await profile = httpGet("/user/" ++ userId) in
    await image = httpGet(profile.imageUrl) in
    await _ = writeFile(profile.userName ++ ".jpg", image.data) in
    console.log("Saved image for " ++ profile.userName)

### Node.js HTTP server example

let http = require "http"

let port = 1337
let host = "127.0.0.1"
let url = "http://" ++ host ++ ":" ++ port.toString() ++ "/"

def handler(res, res) =
    let headers = {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}
    let _ = res.writeHead(200, headers)
    let _ = res.end("Hello world\n")
    in undefined

def start() =
    http.createServer(handler).listen(port, host)

in console.log("Server running at " ++ url)

### Example app from http://mithril.js.org/

let Page = {
    list: fn()
        m.request({method: "GET", url: "pages.json"})
}

let Demo = {
    controller: fn() {
        pages: Page.list(),
        rotate: fn()
            pages().push(pages().shift())
    },
    view: fn(ctrl)
        m("div", [
            ctrl.pages().map(fn(page, _, _)
                m("a", {href: page.url}, page.title)
            ),
            m("button", {onclick: ctrl.rotate}, "Rotate links")
        ])
}

let _ = m.mount(document.getElementById("example"), Demo)

### Example Squiggle app using virtual-dom

let H = require "virtual-dom/h"
let diff = require "virtual-dom/diff"
let patch = require "virtual-dom/patch"
let createElement = require "virtual-dom/create-element"

let {Object, setInterval, document} = global
let {assign} = Object

def render(state) =
    H("div", {className: "box"}, [state.count.toString()])

let app = Object()

def start() =
    let _ = assign(app, {
        state: {count: 0},
        tree: render(app.state),
        root: createElement(app.tree)
    })
    let _ = document.body.appendChild(app.root)
    let _ = setInterval(update, 1000)
    in undefined

def update() =
    let state = app.state ~ {count: app.state.count + 1}
    let tree = render(state)
    let patches = diff(app.tree, tree)
    let root = patch(app.root, patches)
    in assign(app, {state, root, tree})

let _ = start()

### CSV parsing example

let papa = require "papaparse"
let fs = require "fs"

let {Object, console} = global

let csv = fs.readFileSync("data.tsv", "utf8")
let result = papa.parse(csv, {header: true})

let indexToName = [
    "day",
    "time",
    "length",
    "type",
    "novdec"
]

def explode(x) =
    x.trim().split(SOME_REGEX)

let counts = {
    day: Object(),
    time: Object(),
    length: Object(),
    type: Object(),
    novdec: Object()
}

def inc(obj, key) =
    let n =
        if obj has key
        then 1 + obj[key]
        else 1
    in assign(obj, {key: n})

result.data.forEach(fn(obj, _, _)
    let fields = result.meta.fields
    let n = fields.length
    in fields.slice(1, n - 1).forEach(fn(k, i, _)
        let name = indexToName[i]
        let choices = explode(obj[k])
        in choices.forEach(fn(choice)
            inc(counts[name], choice)
        )
    )
)

in console.log(counts)

### END ###

ruby-ish.sqg.rb

### Imports

let {JSON, document, console} = global

### Basic data

let namedConstants = [true, false, null, undefined]
let numbers = [1, 2, 1_000, 3.14, NaN, -Infinity]
let strings = ["hello,\n", "\u{20}", "\"world\"\u{2757}"]
let arrays = [[], [1, 2], [3, [[4]], [5]]]
let objects = [
    {},
    {a: "b"},
    {key: 400, "first name": "Fatima"},
    {("a" ++ "b"): "ab"}
]

### Trivial functions

let alwaysFourA = func()
    4
end

let incrementA = func(x)
    x + 1
end

def alwaysFourB()
    4
end

def incrementB(x)
    x + 1
end

def curriedAddThree(a)
    fn(b) fn(c) a + b + c
end

### First multi-line example

def addStringsAsNumbers(x, y)
    let x = Number(x)
    let y = Number(y)
    x + y
end

### Named this example

def methodShowXLater(@this)
    setTimeout(fn() console.log(this.x), 300)
end

### Variadic function

def max(...xs)
    Math.max.apply(null, xs)
end

### Basic recursive function, obligatory factorial

def factorialA(n)
    if n < 0 then
        error "cannot factorial of " ++ n.toString()
    else if n == 0 or n == 1 then
        1
    else
        n * factorialA(n - 1)
    end
end

def factorialB(n)
    match n
    case 0 then 1
    case n then n * factorialB(n - 1)
    end
end

### Working with a custom data type using just functions

def makePointA(x, y)
    {x, y}
end

def pointAdd(a, b)
    let {x: ax, y: ay} = a
    let {x: bx, y: by} = b
    makePointA(ax + bx, ay + by)
end

### Working with a custom data type using prototypes and methods

let pointProto = {
    add: fn(@this, that) =
        makePointB(this.x + that.x, this.y + that.y),

    scale: fn(@this, n) do
        console.log("DEBUG: scaling by", n)
        makePointB(this.x * n, this.y * n)
    end
}

def makePointB(x, y)
    # This will be frozen and have the right prototype thanks to the `~` op
    Object.create(pointProto) ~ {x, y}
end

### Working with updating objects

def updateNameA(person, name)
    if not person has "name" then
        error "person didn't alreay have a name field"
    else
        person ~ {name}
    end
end

def updateNameB(person, name)
    match person
    case {name: _} then
        person ~  {name}
    end
end

### Pattern match heavy algorithms

def sort(items)
    match items
    case [] then []
    case [x, ...xs] then
        let lt = xs.filter(fn(y, _, _) y < x)
        let gt = xs.filter(fn(y, _, _) y >= x)
        sort(lt) ++ [x] ++ sort(gt)
    end
end

def map(f, xs)
    match xs
    case [] then []
    case [x, ...xs] then [f(x)] ++ map(f, xs)
    end
end

### Sneaky log stuff

def sneakyLogA(x)
    console.log(x)
    x
end

def tap(f, x)
    f(x)
    x
end

def sneakyLogB(x)
    tap(console::log, x)
end

### Lots of cases

def numberToEnglishA(n)
    if n == 1 then "one"
    else if n == 2 then "two"
    else if n == 3 then "three"
    else if n == 4 then "four"
    else "some other number"
    end
end

def numberToEnglishB(n)
    match n
    case 1 then "one"
    case 2 then "two"
    case 3 then "three"
    case 4 then "four"
    case _ then "some other number"
    end
end

### Try example

def safeParse(text)
    match try JSON.parse(text)
    case ["ok", obj] then obj
    case ["fail", _] then {}
    end
end

### Await example

def saveProfilePic(userId)
    await profile = httpGet("/user/" ++ userId)
    await image = httpGet(profile.imageUrl)
    await _ = writeFile(profile.userName ++ ".jpg", image.data)
    console.log("Saved image for " ++ profile.userName)
end

### Node.js HTTP server example

let http = require "http"

let port = 1337
let host = "127.0.0.1"
let url = "http://" ++ host ++ ":" ++ port.toString() ++ "/"

def handler(res, res)
    let headers = {"Content-Type": "text/plain"}
    res.writeHead(200, headers)
    res.end("Hello world\n")
end

def start()
    http.createServer(handler).listen(port, host)
end

console.log("Server running at " ++ url)

### Example app from http://mithril.js.org/

let Page = {
    list: func()
        m.request({method: "GET", url: "pages.json"})
    end
}

let Demo = {
    controller: func()
        {
            pages: Page.list(),
            rotate: func()
                pages().push(pages().shift())
            end
        }
    end,
    view: func(ctrl)
        m("div", [
            ctrl.pages().map(fn(page, _, _)
                m("a", {href: page.url}, page.title)
            ),
            m("button", {onclick: ctrl.rotate}, "Rotate links")
        ])
    end
}


m.mount(document.getElementById("example"), Demo)

### Example Squiggle app using virtual-dom

let H = require "virtual-dom/h"
let diff = require "virtual-dom/diff"
let patch = require "virtual-dom/patch"
let createElement = require "virtual-dom/create-element"

let {Object, setInterval, document} = global
let {assign} = Object

def render(state)
    H("div", {className: "box"}, [state.count.toString()])
end

let app = Object()

def start()
    assign(app, {
        state: {count: 0},
        tree: render(app.state),
        root: createElement(app.tree)
    })
    document.body.appendChild(app.root)
    setInterval(update, 1000)
end

def update()
    let state = app.state ~ {count: app.state.count + 1}
    let tree = render(state)
    let patches = diff(app.tree, tree)
    let root = patch(app.root, patches)
    assign(app, {state, root, tree})
end

start()

### CSV parsing example

let papa = require "papaparse"
let fs = require "fs"

let {Object, console} = global

let csv = fs.readFileSync("data.tsv", "utf8")
let result = papa.parse(csv, {header: true})

let indexToName = [
    "day",
    "time",
    "length",
    "type",
    "novdec"
]

def explode(x)
    x.trim().split(SOME_REGEX)
end

let counts = {
    day: Object(),
    time: Object(),
    length: Object(),
    type: Object(),
    novdec: Object()
}

def inc(obj, key)
    let n =
        if obj has key
        then 1 + obj[key]
        else 1
        end
    assign(obj, {key: n})
end

result.data.forEach(func(obj, _, _)
    let fields = result.meta.fields
    let n = fields.length
    in fields.slice(1, n - 1).forEach(func(k, i, _)
        let name = indexToName[i]
        let choices = explode(obj[k])
        in choices.forEach(func(choice)
            inc(counts[name], choice)
        end)
    end)
end)

console.log(counts)

### END ###