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Example of a ClassLoader leak in Java
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.nio.file.Path;
/**
* Example demonstrating a ClassLoader leak.
*
* <p>To see it in action, copy this file to a temp directory somewhere,
* and then run:
* <pre>{@code
* javac ClassLoaderLeakExample.java
* java -cp . ClassLoaderLeakExample
* }</pre>
*
* <p>And watch the memory grow! On my system, using JDK 1.8.0_25, I start
* getting OutofMemoryErrors within just a few seconds.
*
* <p>This class is implemented using some Java 8 features, mainly for
* convenience in doing I/O. The same basic mechanism works in any version
* of Java since 1.2.
*/
public final class ClassLoaderLeakExample {
static volatile boolean running = true;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Thread thread = new LongRunningThread();
try {
thread.start();
System.out.println("Running, press any key to stop.");
System.in.read();
} finally {
running = false;
thread.join();
}
}
/**
* Implementation of the thread. It just calls {@link #loadAndDiscard()}
* in a loop.
*/
static final class LongRunningThread extends Thread {
@Override public void run() {
while(running) {
try {
loadAndDiscard();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
System.out.println("Caught InterruptedException, shutting down.");
running = false;
}
}
}
}
/**
* A simple ClassLoader implementation that is only able to load one
* class, the LoadedInChildClassLoader class. We have to jump through
* some hoops here because we explicitly want to ensure we get a new
* class each time (instead of reusing the class loaded by the system
* class loader). If this child class were in a JAR file that wasn't
* part of the system classpath, we wouldn't need this mechanism.
*/
static final class ChildOnlyClassLoader extends ClassLoader {
ChildOnlyClassLoader() {
super(ClassLoaderLeakExample.class.getClassLoader());
}
@Override protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
throws ClassNotFoundException {
if (!LoadedInChildClassLoader.class.getName().equals(name)) {
return super.loadClass(name, resolve);
}
try {
Path path = Paths.get(LoadedInChildClassLoader.class.getName()
+ ".class");
byte[] classBytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
Class<?> c = defineClass(name, classBytes, 0, classBytes.length);
if (resolve) {
resolveClass(c);
}
return c;
} catch (IOException ex) {
throw new ClassNotFoundException("Could not load " + name, ex);
}
}
}
/**
* Helper method that constructs a new ClassLoader, loads a single class,
* and then discards any reference to them. Theoretically, there should
* be no GC impact, since no references can escape this method! But in
* practice this will leak memory like a sieve.
*/
static void loadAndDiscard() throws Exception {
ClassLoader childClassLoader = new ChildOnlyClassLoader();
Class<?> childClass = Class.forName(
LoadedInChildClassLoader.class.getName(), true, childClassLoader);
childClass.newInstance();
// When this method returns, there will be no way to reference
// childClassLoader or childClass at all, but they will still be
// rooted for GC purposes!
}
/**
* An innocuous-looking class. Doesn't do anything interesting.
*/
public static final class LoadedInChildClassLoader {
// Grab a bunch of bytes. This isn't necessary for the leak, it just
// makes the effect visible more quickly.
// Note that we're really leaking these bytes, since we're effectively
// creating a new instance of this static final field on each iteration!
static final byte[] moreBytesToLeak = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 10];
private static final ThreadLocal<LoadedInChildClassLoader> threadLocal
= new ThreadLocal<>();
public LoadedInChildClassLoader() {
// Stash a reference to this class in the ThreadLocal
threadLocal.set(this);
}
}
}
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