Example: Plot of the Brillouin Function

brillouin-function.tex

% Brillouin Function
% Author: Mark Wibrow
\documentclass[tikz,border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\directlua{
function coth (i) 
  return math.cosh(i) / math.sinh(i)
end

function brillouin (J, x) 
  if x == 0 then
    return 0
  else
   return (2*J+1)/(2*J)*coth((2*J+1)/(2*J)*x) - 
        1/(2*J)*coth(1/(2*J)*x)
  end
end
}
\pgfmathdeclarefunction{Brillouin}{2}{%
  \edef\pgfmathresult{%
     \directlua{tex.print("" .. brillouin(#1,#2))}%
   }%  
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    x                = 2cm/10,
    scale            = 3,
    axis/.style      = {help lines, -{Stealth[length = 1.5ex]}},
    brillouin/.style = {domain = -5:10, samples = 100}
  ]
  \draw [axis] (-5,0) -- (10,0);
  \draw [axis] (0,-1) -- (0,1.5);
  \draw [densely dotted] (0,{ Brillouin(1, 100)} ) -- ++(10,0);
  \draw [red]   plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(1,  \x)});
  \draw [green] plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(5,  \x)});
  \draw [blue]  plot [brillouin] (\x, { Brillouin(50, \x)});
  \node [align = center, anchor = west] at (1,1.3) {%
    $\begin{alignedat}{2}
      B_J(x) &= \tfrac{2J + 1}{2J}
                &&\coth \left ( \tfrac{2J + 1}{2J} x \right ) \\
             &\quad - \tfrac{1}{2J}
                &&\coth \left ( \tfrac{1}{2J} x \right )
     \end{alignedat}$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}