Adding an aspect (known in CMIS 1.1 as a "secondary type") by modifying cmis:secondaryObjectTypeIds. This requires that you connect using the CMIS 1.1 service URL. You do not need the Alfresco OpenCMIS Extension when using this approach. Works with Alfresco 4.2.e Community Edition and higher.

addSecondaryType.java

		List<Object> aspects = doc.getProperty("cmis:secondaryObjectTypeIds").getValues();
		if (!aspects.contains("P:cm:geographic")) {
			aspects.add("P:cm:geographic");
			HashMap<String, Object> props = new HashMap<String, Object>();
			props.put("cmis:secondaryObjectTypeIds", aspects);
			doc.updateProperties(props);
			System.out.println("Added aspect");
		} else {
			System.out.println("Doc already had aspect");
		}

		HashMap<String, Object> props = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		props.put("cm:latitude", 52.513871);
		props.put("cm:longitude", 13.391106);		
		doc.updateProperties(props);
		
		System.out.println("Latitude: " + doc.getProperty("cm:latitude").getValueAsString());
		System.out.println("Longitude: " + doc.getProperty("cm:longitude").getValueAsString());