slightly modified the Sieve of Sundaram algorithm to cut the unnecessary iterations and it seems to be very fast.

Sundaram algorithm.js

function primeSieve(n){
  var a = Array(n = n/2),
      t = (Math.sqrt(4+8*n)-2)/4,
      u = 0,
      r = [];
  for(var i = 1; i <= t; i++){
    u = (n-i)/(1+2*i);
    for(var j = i; j <= u; j++) a[i + j + 2*i*j] = true;
  }
  for(var i = 0; i<= n; i++) !a[i] && r.push(i*2+1);
  return r;
}