It is recommended to download the lite version of Raspberry Pi OS, since the full version may be too big and full of unnecessary packages, from here. You can check the shasum before installation to make sure it is the original file.
After downloading, you can use dd to copy the image. The procedure on OSX would be e.g.: Identify the name of the SD Card:
diskutil list
in my case it was /dev/disk2. The unmount it:
diskutil unmountDisk /dev/disk2
then use the dd to copy:
sudo dd bs=1m if=2015-11-21-raspbian-jessie.img of=/dev/rdiskN
Mount the SD card on a different system and go to the boot directory. Then create a file with the name ssh by using:
touch ssh
you can use ctrl-t to check the progress. After booting if you have a HDMI monitor / TV and keyboard attached then you can see your IP address of course, but if you like me are only connected to internet without any display then you need to find out the IP address just by connecting to a router. Open router's own web page and find out the IP or MAC address. There are also other methods available under linux.
Do not forget to change your password by passwd. After that you should
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade
then run raspi-config. There you can activate ssh permanently, expand filesystem and enable boot from USB device
in case no SD card is available. This works for Raspberry Pi4 but also for older models, whereas the procedure is a bit different.
I have a cheap USB3 ethernet adapter with the AX88179 chipset. Using the latest Raspberry Pi OS, it was easily detected. You can check the driver version in the deamon messages:
dmesg | grep eth
And see if it is registered. You can also check whether you can see it in the usbu device list:
lsusb
and
lsusb -vd <HEXNUMBER>
finally change the file /etc/network/interfaces:
auto lo eth0 eth1
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet dhcp
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.254.1
network 192.168.254.0
netmask 255.255.255.0
broadcast 192.168.254.255
where eth0 is the onboard ethernet interface and eth1 the usb network interface. In /etc/host.conf you write:
multi on
and in /etc/hosts you can add your own host name, e.g.:
127.0.1.1 raspberrypi
192.168.254.254 some.other.device
finally restart the network as sudo:
/etc/init.d/networking restart
this gives you the model:
cat /sys/firmware/devicetree/base/model
After the first boot, you need to install a couple of things for the server part. Please note, that you do not need to install PyQt5 or any other GUI elements on the Raspberry PI, as these are only needed for the GUI on the client machine (OSX, Win, Lin, etc...). The default username and password should be pi and raspberry. Change the password soon. First setup your raspberry using raspi-config: expand file system to allow full SD card access, change locale and timezone, change password and finally allow autologin without console to your user. Then remove any previous python:
sudo apt-get purge python*
Install some other packages:
sudo apt install python3-pip python3-dev screen emacs-nox mc tree ncdu gfortran deborphan mpg123 git
Change the default python:
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.4 1
Check the alternative:
update-alternatives --config python
Dowbnload the latest pip from pip web site (not using the apt-get):
sudo python get-pip.py
Install other stuff using pip:
sudo pip install jdcal jdate numpy matplotlib prettyplotlib pyzmq beautifulsoup4 Flask jdcal jdate jupyter fortran-magic fortranformat RPi.GPIO
Edit your .bashrc and put the auto start script at the beginning, e.g. playing music:
# autostart script
if [ $(tty) == /dev/tty1 ]; then
screen -S autologin_session -d -m mpg123 http://144.76.106.52:7000/progressive.mp3
fi
in order to make an hourly readjustment of the time you can do as follows:
create a script called ntpupdater in /etc/cron.hourly
#!/bin/bash
LOG="/tmp/ntpupdater.log"
# update with ntp server
echo >> $LOG
echo "-------------------------" >> $LOG
echo "Date before sync:" >> $LOG
date >> $LOG
/usr/sbin/service ntp stop
/usr/sbin/ntpd -gq >> $LOG
/usr/sbin/service ntp start
change execution permission:
chmod +x /etc/cron.hourly/ntpupdater
run it once for testing and check the results.
You can also change the /etc/ntp.conf and change the preffered NTP servers.
From then on you can connect using SSH and screen:
ssh -t pi@IP_ADDRESS screen -D -R
if you have more screens and want to find out which screens are available for connections, use the above command with the -ls parameter:
ssh -t pi@IP_ADDRESS screen -ls
sudo apt install cups
sudo usermod -a -G lpadmin pi
sudo apt install samba
change the name of the raspberry pi in the network in the following files:
/etc/hostname
/etc/hosts
First install the bluetooth:
sudo apt install pi-bluetooth
sudo systemctl restart bluetooth
sudo apt install pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
You can check:
pactl list sinks short
pactl set-default-sink 1
pactl set-sink-volume 1 60%
amixer set PCM -- 100%
Mounting USB. More info here.
ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid/
sudo mkdir /media/usb
sudo chown -R pi:pi /media/usb
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/usb -o uid=pi,gid=pi
umount /media/usb
new network interface names:
Open the file cmdline.txt, which can be found in the boot directory of the SD Card. Add the following to the line after rootwait quiet:
net.ifnames=0
Create a hash of your password:
wpa_passphrase <your_wifi_ssid_here> <your_wifi_password_here>
Add the resulting lines:
network={
ssid="mywifi"
#psk="mypasswd"
psk=175c63e5acd5b9bb66cfe2f89857db9060f2edf3989c89c19e5a54e5044cd2a4
}
to the end of the file /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf. In a headless configuration, you have to mount the SD card on a different linux machine and put the password there. This gets a bit messy under Win or OSX.
Setting the set local to enUS usually keeps some warnings away. At least for me it worked.