install-ubuntu-15.04-macbookpro5,1-root-on-ZFS-on-LUKS-dual-boot-MacOSX-rEFInd.md

## install-ubuntu-15.04-macbookpro5,1-root-on-ZFS-on-LUKS-dual-boot-MacOSX-rEFInd.md

      
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              install-ubuntu-15.04-macbookpro5,1-root-on-ZFS-on-LUKS-dual-boot-MacOSX-rEFInd.md
            
          
    Connect the Ethernet NIC to the LAN, since WiFi doesn't work in Ubuntu
until after installing the bcmwl-kernel-source package.
From the Mac OS X 10.10.2 (Yosemite) installer:

Create a new two-partition layout, with the first partition named
"Macintosh HD", formatted as Mac OS Extended (Journaled), and
sized to 40 GB; and with the second partition formatted as free
space.
Install OS X on "Macintosh HD".
Skip signing in with your Apple ID.  (Otherwise, take all of the
defaults.)
When prompted create a user account named "Mac User" (macosx) with
the standard root password.
Update Mac OS X after completing the installation.

After installing Mac OS X, download and install rEFInd.
Connect an external hard drive of some kind (e.g., a USB flash drive),
insert the Ubuntu 15.04 installation media, and reboot the computer.
Press F2.  (FIXME: correct?)  Boot EFI\BOOT\grubx64.efi from Ubuntu 15.04 amd64; do not use the legacy boot option.  At the grub menu,
highlight Try Ubuntu without installing and press e to edit the
menu entry.  Set gfxpayload to auto (was keep), and replace
quiet splash on the kernel command line with nomodeset.  Press F10
to boot to the live environment.  Note that control keys do not work
in the grub menu entry editor.
From the Ubuntu 15.04 installer:

At the "Preparing to install Ubuntu" screen, enable "Download
updates while installing" and "Install this third-party software".
Unmount any mounted partitions if prompted.
At the "Installation type" screen, select "Something else".
At the "Something else" screen, create a root file system on the
external hard drive (e.g., /dev/sdb), which may require creating a
new partition table on that device.  Also change the device for
boot loader installation to the external hard drive.
Skip swap partition creation/assignment if prompted.
Set the location (time zone), keyboard layout, initial user
account, and computer name when prompted.

Once Ubuntu finishes installing, click "Continue Testing", switch to
virtual terminal 1 (Control-Alt-Fn-F1), and log into the LiveCD as
ubuntu (no password).  To remotely access the live environment, set
a password on the "ubuntu" account, install/run the OpenSSH server by
running the following commands, and connect via SSH to ubuntu@ubuntu:
passwd
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get --yes install openssh-server

Install ZFS in the live environment:
sudo apt-add-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get --yes install ubuntu-zfs

Add three partitions, one for the boot volume (contains the kernel and
initrd), one for swap, and the third for the LUKS container hosting
the ZFS pool:
sudo gdisk /dev/sda <<EOF
n


+1G

c
4
boot0
n


8e00
c
5
root0
w
y
EOF

Force the kernel to re-read the partition table if necessary:
sudo partprobe

Set up the encrypted backing volume(s):
sudo cryptsetup --verbose --hash sha512 --cipher aes-xts-plain64 --verify-passphrase --batch-mode luksFormat /dev/disk/by-partlabel/root0
sudo ed /etc/crypttab<<EOF
a
cryptroot0 /dev/disk/by-partlabel/root0 none luks
.
w
q
EOF
sudo cryptdisks_start cryptroot0

Configure the ZFS pool and format/mount the boot volume:
sudo zpool create -f -O mountpoint=none -o altroot=/mnt -o ashift=12 rpool /dev/mapper/cryptroot0
sudo zfs create -o mountpoint=none rpool/ROOT
sudo zfs create -o mountpoint=/ rpool/ROOT/ubuntu
sudo zpool set bootfs=rpool/ROOT/ubuntu rpool
sudo mke2fs -F /dev/disk/by-partlabel/boot0
sudo mkdir /mnt/boot
sudo mount /dev/disk/by-partlabel/boot0 /mnt/boot

Mount the Ubuntu installation on the external hard drive (e.g.,
/dev/sdb1) and copy it to the ZFS pool:
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /target
(cd /target && sudo find . -depth -print | sudo cpio -pdm /mnt)
sudo umount /target

Configure the swap volume:
sudo zfs create -V 16G rpool/swap
sudo ed /etc/crypttab<<EOF
a
cryptswap0 /dev/zvol/rpool/swap /dev/urandom swap,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,hash=sha512
.
w
q
EOF

Configure /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab:
sudo cp /etc/crypttab /mnt/etc/crypttab
sudo rm /mnt/etc/fstab
sudo ed <<EOF
a
/dev/disk/by-partlabel/boot0 /boot ext2 defaults,nosuid,nodev,noexec 0 0
/dev/disk/by-partlabel/EFI\\x20System\\x20Partition /boot/efi vfat ro,fmask=133,noauto 0 0
/dev/mapper/cryptswap0 none swap defaults 0 0
.
w /mnt/etc/fstab
q
EOF

Use the ubuntu-drivers command to identify which non-default drivers
need to be added to the installation in order for the laptop to
operate normally:
sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

Note that these drivers can only be found in the non-main
repositories.  At a minimum cryptsetup, ZFS, and the nVidia drivers
must be added to the installation; grub-efi may also be installed if
desired:
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo chroot /mnt mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
sudo chroot /mnt mount -t proc proc /proc
sudo chroot /mnt mount -t sysfs sysfs /sys
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc
sudo chroot /mnt add-apt-repository --yes ppa:zfs-native/stable
sudo chroot /mnt apt-get update
sudo chroot /mnt apt-get --yes install cryptsetup
sudo chroot /mnt apt-get --yes install ubuntu-zfs zfs-initramfs
sudo chroot /mnt apt-get --yes install nvidia-340-updates
#sudo chroot /mnt apt-get --yes install grub-efi

FIXME: errors installing nvidia-prime
Setting up nvidia-prime (0.8.1) ...
invoke-rc.d: unknown initscript, /etc/init.d/nvidia-prime not found.
dpkg: error processing package nvidia-prime (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 100

Install a version of the initramfs-tools hook script "cryptroot"
modified to support ZFS pools, and then update the initial RAM disk
image:
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/irtnog/helper-scripts/master/ubuntu-15.04/initramfs-tools/hooks/cryptroot
chmod a+x cryptroot
sudo cp cryptroot /mnt/etc/initramfs-tools/hooks
sudo chroot /mnt dpkg-reconfigure cryptsetup

FIXME: with intel-microcode installed, update-initramfs fails silently
Configure rEFInd:
sudo ed <<'EOF'
a
"Boot with standard options" "boot=zfs"
.
w /mnt/boot/refind_linux.conf
q
EOF

Optionally install grub-efi (which disables rEFInd):
#sudo ed /mnt/etc/default/grub <<'EOF'
#/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT
#s/quiet splash/boot=zfs/
#w
#q
#EOF
#c
#sudo chroot /mnt mount -o rw /boot/efi
#sudo chroot /mnt mkdir /boot/efi/EFI/Ubuntu
#sudo chroot /mnt grub-install
#sudo chroot /mnt update-grub

Cleanup:
sudo chroot /mnt umount /sys
sudo chroot /mnt umount /proc
sudo chroot /mnt umount /dev/pts
sudo chroot /mnt umount /dev
#sudo chroot /mnt umount /boot/efi
sudo chroot /mnt umount /boot
sudo rm /mnt/etc/resolv.conf
sudo zfs snapshot rpool/ROOT/ubuntu@`date -Iseconds`
sudo zpool export rpool

Reboot the computer.  Hold the Alt (Option) key to force the Apple EFI
boot loader to run.  Boot into Mac OS X and re-bless rEFInd.
Reboot the computer.  At the rEFIt boot menu, select the Linux entry
(e.g., "Boot vmlinuz-3.19.0-16-generic.efi.signed from BOOT") and
press F2.  At the boot options menu, select the "Boot using default
options" entry and press F2.  In the line editor, add boot=zfs
(note leading space) to the end of the line.  Press Enter to continue
booting.
To fix the missing resolv.conf file:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority resolvconf

To fix the incompletely configured nvidia-prime package:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure nvidia-prime

To change the default screen or keyboard brightness, install pommed.
References:
http://blog.ls-al.com/ubuntu-on-a-zfs-root-file-system-for-ubuntu-15-04/
http://www.larsko.org/ZfsUbuntu
http://markus.heberling.net/2013/11/07/ubuntu-13-10-luks-encypted-zfs-root-on-hp-n54l/
https://github.com/zfsonlinux/pkg-zfs/wiki/HOWTO-install-Ubuntu-14.04-or-Later-to-a-Native-ZFS-Root-Filesystem
http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/EncryptTmpSwapHome
http://askubuntu.com/questions/55868/installing-broadcom-wireless-drivers